“You’re Supposed to Say White”: Epistemic Ambiguity and Ethnoracial Classification

Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 385 rock album reviews, this article investigates (i) to what extent ethno-racial boundaries are (re)produced and/or contested in the critical and consumer reception of rock music in the United States between 2003 and 2013 and (ii) to what extent (semi-)professional reviewers and consumer-reviewers differ from each other regarding ethno-racial classifications in their reception of rock music. Albums by nonwhite artists tend to receive lower evaluations than those by white artists, particularly when reviewed by consumer critics. Although both types of reviewers often ignore talking about race—echoing a color-blind ideology—(semi-)professional critics are more explicit and color-conscious regarding nonwhite participation in rock music. Furthermore, five different mechanisms are employed by reviewers as a part of ethno-racial boundary work: (i) ethno-racial comparisons, (ii) inter-genre comparisons, (iii) positive ethno-racial marking, (iv) negative ethno-racial marking, and (v) minimization.

Identifying talented athletes is crucial for coaching and developing athletic talent in sports. Psychology plays a significant role in influencing athletes’ performance therefore it deserves attention in the identification process. This study aimed to identify potential athletes with the best abilities according to Tarung Derajat’s characteristics through a psychological perspective test. The research employs a survey method with a descriptive quantitative analysis approach. The SPQ20 questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The results of the psychological test were converted into percentages to determine the athletes’ potential, ranging from very potential to not potential. The research sample consisted of athletes from the training unit in the Semarang City area. The categorization criteria were based on norms derived from the highest-achieving athletes at the national level in Central Java province, with Tarung Derajat being the highest level. The findings indicated the following percentages for the achievement components: 68% for achievement, 66% for competitiveness, 62.9% for managing pressure, 67.78% for self-efficacy, 63.73% for fear of failure control, 63.83% for stress management, 65.56% for emotion, 70.33% for empathy, 54.40% for power, and 67.73% for aggressiveness. Based on a psychological perspective, this research concludes that 50 athletes (64%) in the training unit demonstrate potential as talented athletes. It is important to note that this study was limited to Tarung Derajat athletes in Central Java Province. The research findings contribute to the Central Java Tarung Derajat Training Centre by facilitating the categorization of athletes’ talent based on psychological aspects. Further, researchwas recommended to explore talent and potential of athletes from other perspectives not covered in this study.

This study aimed to investigate the association of spatial configuration with social interaction for elderly. A social housing in Seoul was selected for the case study. Using space syntax and social network analysis, the association was examined statistically. This research employed an integration indicator which is most closely related to space use pattern. Questionnaire and interview surveys were conducted to illustrate the pattern of social network. Using the collected data, NetMiner was utilized to conduct a quantitative analysis. Degree, closeness and betweenness indicators were employed to measure relationships in these networks and between individuals. The characteristics of the association established by the statistical analysis between spatial network of housing estate and social network of elderly were discussed. Our results show that spatial network properties can explain characteristics of social network. The accessibility of residential spaces for elderly individuals in social housing apartment complex has an effect on the strength of the social network with neighbours. Also, analysis of the spatial configuration accessibility for the elderly population with integration values has illustrated that the result was opposite to the general theory that ‘the locations with high accessibility could foster more interactions’. Our findings have suggested that we can have a better knowledge to foster more social network among elderly by planning improved spatial network.

Repeated interaction and social networks are commonly considered viable solutions to collective action problems. This article identifies and systematically measures four general mechanisms--that is, generalized altruism, group solidarity, reciprocity, and the threat of sanctioning--and tests which of them brings about cooperation in the context of Ugandan producer organizations. Using an innovative methodological framework that combines "lab-in-the-field" experiments with survey interviews and complete social networks data, the article goes beyond the assessment of a relationship between social networks and collective outcomes to study the mechanisms that favor cooperative behavior. The article first establishes a positive relationship between position in the network structure and propensity to cooperate in the producer organization and then uses farmers' behavior in dictator and public goods games to test different mechanisms that may account for such a relationship. Results show that cooperation is induced by patterns of reciprocity that emerge through repeated interaction rather than other-regarding preferences like altruism or group solidarity.

342 SEER, 82, 2, 2004 Swift, Anthony E. PopularTheater andSociety in TsaristRussia.Studies on the History of Society and Culture, 44. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, and London, 2002. xv + 346 pp. Illustrations.Appendix. Notes. Bibliography.Index. C35.??:$49.95. IN this well-researched and illuminating book, Anthony Swift provides a fascinating and engaging insight into the history of the people's theatre movement in Russia from its emergence in the i 86os to I9 I 7. He approaches the topic from three main perspectives: the discourse conducted by the intelligentsia and the authorities, among others, about the potential advantagesand disadvantagesof narodnyi teatr; thepracticalapplicationof thepeople's theatre idea; and the complex but crucial issue of audience reception. The resultis a lucid and scholarlyanalysisof a significantaspect of urban life and culturalpolitics in late imperialRussia. People'stheatres,as Swiftexplains, 'werecreatedfor the expresspurposeof transformingthe common people' (p. i o), a didactic ambition that set them apart from other entertainments available to popular audiences in St Petersburg and Moscow, the geographical purview of the study. Several different, though not mutually exclusive, benefits were anticipated. For the intelligentsia, people's theatre offered a means of transmitting'high' culture to a wider audience, thereby bridging the divide between the elite and the narodand creating a unified national culture. For others, the principal attraction of people's theatre was its putative disciplinaryrole, and many in positions of authority, notably the police, came to regard it as a way of distracting potentially riotous elements. Meanwhile, factory owners and temperance societies viewed it as a useful distractionfrom the temptations of the tavern, while the 'people' themselves, notably urban workers, often embraced theatreas a badge of 'respectability'. In the firstof six chapters, Swiftsurveysthe theatricallandscapeof imperial Russia in order to highlight the eclectic traditionswhich the people's theatre movement drew upon. These included the Enlightenment concept of an educative theatre, the Imperial theatres, fairground entertainments like the balagan, commercial theatres,pleasuregardens,and scatteredinstancesof folk dramaticsin factoriesand barracks(thoughno examplesof barracktheatricals are provided). The second chapter investigatesthe widespreadinterestin the concept of people's theatre from the I86os and examines the few early but ephemeral incarnations,such as the people's theatreat the Moscow Polytechnic Exposition in I872. After the repeal of the Imperial theatre monopoly in I882, further ventures appeared, notably Mikhail Lentovskii's Skomorokh, but this was a commercial enterprise and struggled in the face of financial limitations. Censorship and the repertoireare the focus of the third chapter. In i888, the authorities introduced a special censorship regulation for people's theatres defined for the censors'purposesby seat prices on the grounds that 'what was good for educated society was not necessarily good for the people' (p. 89). Prohibited plays included those that depicted Russian rulers or dealt, however indirectly, with rebellion. Advocates of people's theatre opposed the regulations on the grounds that they limited the number of REVIEWS 343 serious plays that could be performed for the narod.However, as Swift demonstrates,the ruleswere often flouted and, in fact, the repertoirediffered little from the Imperial and other theatres,though he stillconcludes that 'the state's censorship policy hampered the development of Russian popular theater'(p. 129). The first non-commercial people's theatres appeared in the I88os and I89os and were founded not by the intelligentsia or the state but by factory owners. Subsequently, from around I900, the Guardianships of Popular Temperance became the most visible sponsors. Swift argues persuasively,in chapter four, that these endeavours failed to 'acculturate and discipline the common people by "rationalizing" their recreations' (p. i 8o): their chief contributionwas to transformthe theatricallandscape and make inexpensive entertainment more readily available. In the fifth chapter, Swift focuses on attempts by workers themselves to participate in theatrical productions. Sometimes their motive was to use theatre as a propaganda tool in political struggle, but more often they were seeking to acquire 'respectability' by imitating the practicesof the elite. Such effortswere on a smallscale, but they demonstratedthatnot allworkerswere content to be passiveconsumersof the culturepresidedover by the elite. In the final chapter, Swift considers audience reception. Drawing on contemporary observations and audience surveys,he shows that, ultimately, people's theatresdid not transformtheiraudiences. Rather, the people tended to...

Previous studies have shown positive tangible health benefits from using online support communities for informational support, daily living support, and emotional support. The specifics of how these communities can be improved have not been studied in detail. This study will investigate various sources of information that patients with genetic disorders use to learn more about their condition. We will be using patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) as a typical representation of the wider group of patients with genetic disorders. This study will also investigate the benefits and disadvantages of web-based platforms and how they can be improved. We used quantitative and qualitative analyses in this study. We undertook a web-based questionnaire survey and semistructured qualitative interviews through Zoom. Questionnaire results were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Thematic coding with constant comparison was used for interview transcript analysis. A total of 436 respondents completed some or all of the survey. The majority of participants are female (386/413, 93.46%), and 24% (99/413) of them are in the age range of 25-34 years. Around 81% (336/413) of the participants have some type of college degree, and 55% (227/413) of them have graduate degrees. About 49.31% (204/413) of them are not currently employed. Most patients stated that their health care providers did not give accurate and complete information to them regarding their health situation (mean 2.87, SD 1.34). Also, patients perceived their providers as not knowledgeable regarding web-based communities that discuss patients' conditions (mean 1.93, SD 1.15). Patients are confident in using health care resources available in web-based health communities (mean 3.78, SD 1.13). We interviewed 30 participants. The demographics of the interviewees were aligned with those of the survey participants. A total of 9 different themes were identified based on the Qualtrics survey and qualitative interviews. Participants shared the pros and cons of different online support groups that they were using and gave suggestions for improvement. They requested a centralized database with different categories of resources classified based on different diseases. They also emphasized the importance of search features and the ability to find relevant information with a hashtag. Furthermore, they elaborated on the privacy and security concerns they have regarding web-based support group platforms. Patients with rare diseases are finding information not available from their health care providers in community support groups. The medical community and web developers have a great opportunity to help these people by engaging with their web-based communities.

Survey research examining the prevalence of ill-health frequently use global single-item questions such as on long-standing Illness often combined with an inquiry about the consequences of Ill-health in everyday life. These kinds of questions appear to tap a response with face validity and comparability. However, a survey Interview Is also an interactional event and the way the respondents understand the meaning of questions is important. The purpose of this study is to explore how the meaning of survey questions on long-standing illness and restrictions posed by it are understood by respondents. Qualitative Interview data collected from a subgroup of 42 participants in a nation wide 1994 Finnish Survey on Living Conditions is used. This study Is based on qualitative content analysis of verbatim transcripts of these semi-structured interviews. Two relevant aspects of ill-health were distinguished: ‘disease’ and ‘illness’. Only medically diagnosed chronic diseases were considered long-standing illnesses by the respondents. Experienced, non-diagnosed illnesses were, rather, considered ‘normal’, i.e. consequences of ageing or the life situation or too insignificant to be considered long-standing illnesses. Whether long-standing illness was assessed as restricting everyday life was relative not only to the severity of the disease and the life situation of the respondents but also to adaptation to Ill-health. The results suggest that the survey question on long-standing Illness captures people's sense of chronic disease rather than the ‘illness, infirmity or disability’ the wording of the question suggests.

This research examined the effects of child and family variables on stress experienced by mothers and fathers of young children with cognitive delays in Vietnam. The mothers (n = 106) and fathers (n = 93) whose children (age range = 3-6 years) were identified as having cognitive delays participated in the interview survey. The survey consisted of a set of the standardized questionnaires that were translated into Vietnamese and assessed for the content validity in the Vietnamese context. Mothers experienced more stress than fathers. Path analyses were conducted for mothers and fathers separately. Mothers with female children, those with children of lower intellectual functioning, and those whose husbands had health conditions experienced more stress than the other mothers. Fathers with lower economic status and a smaller social support network were more stressed than the other fathers. Both mothers and fathers were more stressed when they experienced stronger stigma, although the effects were not significant when other variables were considered together in path analyses. The findings revealed traditional gender roles. Mothers were more affected by the child's characteristics and the spouse's functioning; they anticipated future problems related to the child's functioning more than fathers did. Fathers were more affected by concerns about the family's connection to the wider world such as economic issues and the social support network. Longitudinal studies of how social support and stigma affect families would be valuable.

Improving poor conditions of the kampung in urban areas can be solved without evictions. Eviction is not a good strategy as it will eliminate the uniqueness of kampung characteristics. Aims: This study was aimed to find out the relevance of social capital in kampung arrangement and also to understand the most influential element of the social capital and its role on the arrangement of kampung in Kampung Pisang. Methodology and results: The study investigated the elements of social capital that affect the activities in every phase in kampung arrangement process. This was done through the analysis of data resulted from the questionnaire and interview surveys on the residents of Kampung Pisang. The result showed the most influential element of social capital is the social network in participation variable. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Participation as an element of social capital plays a major role in kampung arrangement in Kampung Pisang, Makassar city in Indonesia. By participation, the relevance of social capital in kampung arrangement is developing people’s knowledge about the environmental quality and using it in the improvement of physical environmental condition. This paper showed that kampung arrangement could be done by using social capital to hinder evictions.

Adaptation provides a new perspective for the study of farmers’ livelihood transformation and sustainability. This research aimed to explore the influencing factors of different types and adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation during rural transformation. Based on summarizing the response of farmers’ livelihood transformation during the rural transformation process in the Qinling Mountains of China from 1990 to 2018, this research constructed an evaluation index system for the adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation. Through questionnaires and interview surveys and based on the classification of farmers’ adaptive behavior, the research measured the adaptation index of different types of farmers’ livelihood transformation during different rural transformation periods and analyzed the factors affecting the types and the adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation. The results showed that: ① From 1990 to 2018, the livelihood transformation of farmers in Shangzhou District of Qinling Mountains mainly experienced changes from the farming + the working oriented to the synthetic type + the working oriented. ② From 1990 to 2018, the adaptation index of farmers’ livelihood transformation increased significantly in growth. From 1990 to 2009, the adaptation index of farmers’ livelihood transformation of working oriented and synthetic type was relatively high and concentrated. The distribution of the adaptation index of farmers’ livelihood transformation in 2010–2018 was relatively scattered. ③ Farmers with richer social networks tended to choose comprehensive and diversified livelihoods. Farmers with richer financial and natural capital were more likely to choose non-agricultural livelihoods. Leadership potential and social network, livestock, income status, and actual cultivated area were the key variables that have been influencing the adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation in Shangzhou District since 1990. The research results contribute to the optimization of sustainable livelihood strategies for farmers in the Qinling Mountains of China and provide case references for the study of livelihood transformation of farmers in underdeveloped mountainous areas worldwide.

Improving Research Methodology in Adolescent Sexual Health Research

This study is relevant because the impact of the opening of offices of Ukrainian companies in the EU on the adaptation of their value proposition as an employer has not been investigated in the scientific community. There is no information about the migration of Ukrainians as a result of the russian-Ukrainian war and how it affected the marketof Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The purpose of the study is to suggest ways to adapt the employer brandto the requirements of the EU labour market. The study is based on the results of two audience surveys in Ukraine andEU countries in 2022. The number of respondents to the Ukrainian audience of candidates is 1,003 respondents. The EU respondents were recruiters and HR managers – 253 companies with more than 1,000 employees each. Both forms used closed-ended questions. The analytical method was used to determine the main trends in the EU labour market,the graphical method was used to display the results of analysis, and expert assessments are used to evaluate the valuep roposition. As a result of the study, the main differences in the value proposition of Ukraine were identified: ensuring the smooth operation of the office in conditions of blackouts, the safety of the team during air alarms, support forthe Armed Forces of Ukraine or internally displaced persons. For EU candidates, the requirements include a policyof equality for all colleagues and candidates. At the same time, a remote work format is a prerequisite for candidates for employment in the company. It is noted that the reputation and compliance with legal requirements should becovered in the company’s social networks in order to build trust among the local population in the Ukrainian company.Ukrainian IT companies have increased their level of competition for talent in local markets due to the opening of newoffices abroad. Instagram Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram are the top social networks for building an employerbrand. The practical significance of the study is to adapt the value proposition of a Ukrainian employer to the market requirements of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Germany

Urbanisation and ageing populations are global challenges for ageing well. This mixed-methods study examines the health and social needs of older adults in urban areas in Berlin, Germany and in Singapore, focusing on three key dimensions of healthy ageing and wellbeing: health, mobility, loneliness, and equity as a cross-cutting theme. The design follows a mixed-methods approach combining a quantitative longitudinal cohort study with qualitative interviews. For the quantitative cohort study, a standardised survey is carried out via home visits with a random sample of n = 1,050 adults aged 65 + years each in selected neighbourhoods in Berlin (three neighbourhoods) and Singapore (five neighbourhoods). The questionnaire comprises questions on health and health care utilization, neighbourhood, loneliness and social contacts, mobility and sociodemographic characteristics. Additionally, three functional tests (cognitive functioning, hand grip strength, and walking speed) are carried out with participants. Participants are followed-up after 12 months with a second survey interview. The survey data is linked with openly available geospatial data to allow for more in-depth study of the built-up and social environment and physical barriers in the selected neighbourhoods. For the qualitative component, walking interviews are conducted with n=50 people each in Berlin and Singapore focusing on older adults' subjective perspective on health, mobility, green spaces and loneliness in their urban neighbourhood. The results of the different study components will be triangulated. The Ageing Well Study offers a valuable opportunity to assess the health and social needs of older adults in two distinct urban contexts. The mixed-methods design and utilization of multiple data sources enables an examination of the various dimensions of ageing well from disparate angles and perspectives. The extensive quantitative data set permits the examination of associations and interlinkages between the various dimensions of ageing well and the living environment, as well as the identification of changes over a 12-month period. By opting for home visits, participants with limited mobility are more likely to participate. Minor adaptations of the instruments and methods were implemented to best suit local context, administrative regulations, and feasibility at the study site. The study has been registered prospectively at the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS) (DRKS00033043, registration date: 16th Nov 2023) which is part of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP).

We investigated behavioral responses to COVID-19 in Malawi, where a first wave of the pandemic occurred between June and August 2020. Contrary to many countries on the African continent, the Government of Malawi did not impose a lockdown or a stay-at-home order in response to the initial spread of SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that, in the absence of such requirements to restrict social interactions, individuals would primarily seek to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during contacts, rather than reduce the extent of their social contacts. We analyzed 4 rounds of a panel survey spanning time periods before, during and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi. Five hundred and forty-three participants completed 4 survey interviews between April and November 2020. We found that the likelihood of attending various places and events where individuals work and/or socialize remained largely unchanged during that time. Over the same time frame, however, participants reported adopting on a large scale several behaviors that reduce the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 during contacts. The percentage of panel participants who reported practicing physical distancing thus increased from 9.8% to 47.0% in rural areas between April-May 2020 and June-July 2020, and from 11.4% to 59.4% in urban areas. The percentage of respondents who reported wearing a facial mask to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 also increased, reaching 67.7% among rural residents in August-September 2020, and 89.6% among urban residents. The pace at which these behaviors were adopted varied between population groups, with early adopters of mask use more commonly found among more educated office workers, residing in urban areas. The adoption of mask use was also initially slower among women, but later caught up with mask use among men. These findings stress the importance of behavioral changes in containing future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in settings where access to vaccination remains low. They also highlight the need for targeted outreach to members of socioeconomic groups in which the adoption of protective behaviors, such as mask use, might be delayed.

Tangerang District is one of the rice producers in Banten Province. The intensification of rice production is one of the solutions due to the agricultural land conversion problem in Tangerang. The purpose of this study is to analyze the farmer perception about subsidized fertilizer and we also analyze the effect of land use and subsidized fertilizer for rice production at the farmer level in Tangerang. The data used in this study were collected through an interview survey using a structured questioner to 35 respondents in Tangerang in 2016. The data were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis. The result showed that the farmers perceive that the availability of subsidized fertilizer is frequently rare especially for nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. The study also shows the rice production at the farmer level was affected by land use, the application of subsidized urea fertilizer, the application of organic fertilizer, and the application of returning the straw to the paddy field. All of these significant factors on rice production were inelastic in the short term and long term. It is important to decrease agricultural land conversion and returning the straw to the paddy field to maintaining rice production in Tangerang.