Yoga as Complementary Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Structured Module Development and Pilot Study.

Designing, validation, and feasibility of a yoga module for patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Temporomandibular disorders

A pilot study was conducted in order to construct a Polish adaptation of emotional Stroop test in assessment of pedophilia. The study consisted of two stages. The first stage involved creating test material by ranking words in adequate lists by competent experts. The second stage consisted of empirical verification of the principle of emotional Stroop test in a non-clinical population. Based on the assessment of five competent experts, words were ordered from the most to the least sexually arousing (Kendall's W from 0.368 to 0.693). Six ranked lists were obtained, and the competent experts were subsequently asked to assess whether these lists were suitable for the study (Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio from 0.6 to 1.0). Two categories of words were merged. Five ranked lists were obtained, and the competent experts were subsequently asked again to assess whether these lists were suitable for the study (Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio 1.0). The created lists of words were approved by allcompetent experts. Based on the experimental study conducted on a non-clinical population, it was shown that, in accordance with the principle of the test, the mean response time for sexually related words was longer that for neutral words. The mean response time for children-related words did not differ significantly from response time for neutral words. Based on the study with competent experts and conducted experiments, an initial Polish adaptation of the emotional Stroop test for diagnosis of pedophilia has been created. Further studies with persons with pedophilia are needed to implement the test in clinical setting.

Differential diagnosis of facial pain and guidelines for management

Background: Prior research reveal the benefits of yoga in managing fatigue, stress and psychosocial outcomes in cervical carcinoma; however, a definite structured yoga program is unavailable. In this study an effort is made to develop and validate a structured yoga program for cervical carcinoma. Methods: A detailed review of ancient and contemporary yoga literature was conducted to design a basic yoga program. Five yoga experts, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria validated the program. 27 practices were rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential, and (iii) essential; Lawshe's content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated. Results: Eighteen practices exhibited significant content validity (cut-off value: 0.99, as calculated by applying Lawshe's formula for the CVR). One practice was added to the module by the experts, making a total of 19 practices including meditation. Yoga nidra was added as a special practice on days of high fatigue. Conclusions: The designed program received good content validity and thus is valid for cervical cancer. The program is to be applied on patients to assess its acceptability and feasibility.

The integration of yoga into modern healthcare systems has highlighted the need to understand the professional landscape of yoga providers in India. Despite extensive research on the benefits of yoga, there remains a significant gap in understanding the characteristics, practice patterns, and professional satisfaction of these providers. The present study aimed to develop a validated questionnaire to address this gap. A structured instrument was developed through an extensive literature review and collation of suggestions from yoga experts. The questionnaire comprised 63 questions across four domains: (1) demographic details, (2) educational background, (3) session specifics, and (4) self-reported professional satisfaction and quality of life. Content validation was conducted with 10 yoga experts using Lawshe's content validity ratio (CVR). Questions with a CVR of ≥ 0.62 were retained. Of the 63 questions, 42 met the acceptance criteria and were included in the final questionnaire. High CVR scores indicated strong relevance and suitability of questions, particularly in sections on session specifics and self-reported assessments, reflecting practical and experiential aspects of yoga practice. The validation process ensured the questionnaire's comprehensiveness and relevance. The validated questionnaire provides a robust tool for assessing the professional landscape of yoga providers in India, facilitating a deeper understanding of their demographics, educational backgrounds, practice details, and professional satisfaction. This tool can guide future research and policy-making aimed at enhancing the quality and effectiveness of yoga practice and instruction in the country.

Objective: The study aimed to construct content-valid item banks of geriatric medicine examination for medical students and residents to assist the development of the computerized geriatric examination system. Methods: In 2011-2013, totally 800 items used in the Taiwan Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (TAGG) board examinations from 2002 to 2009 were collected. Thirty experts were invited to assess the appropriateness of test items for medical students and residents, while content validity of the items was computed by Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR) approach. Results: 140 items (mean CVR value = 0.49; ranged from 0.33 to 0.87) for medical students and 359 items (mean CVR = 0.55; ranged from 0.33 to 0.93) for residents had reached the minimum CVR requirement of 0.33. According to Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, the items for medical students reached the minimum CVR requirement indicated that 62.33% of the 140 items belonged to knowledge and comprehension, while the remaining 37.6% were items for application and general analysis abilities. The items for residents reached the minimum CVR requirement indicated that 48.15% of the 359 items belonged to knowledge and comprehension, while the remaining 51.8% were items for application and general analysis abilities. Furthermore, nearly half of the above items for residents were based on simulated clinical scenarios. Conclusions: This finding indicates that the item banks have content validity. And the item banks the authors developed can also be used in geriatric medicine education and the preparation for geriatric medicine certification examination in Taiwan.

Design and content validation of a survey questionnaire assessing the determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy in France: A reactive Delphi study

Orofacial pain, the 12th specialty: The necessity

Editorial: Managing Orofacial Pain: Co-Designing The Way Forward

ABSTRACTThe content validity ratio (CVR), which is suggested by Lawshe (1975), is a widely used index to quantify content validity. In this study, the Bayesian approach is used to determine the minimum number of experts required to agree an item is essential, and then the CVR is calculated.

Background: Medical faculty has to make sure that the students meet the minimal competence needed using apropriate exam. While the exam itself should facilitate students to learn. Oral examination has known for its ability to facilitate students learn but low in validity and reliability. Medical faculty of Lampung University (FK Unila) apply the student oral case analysis (SOCA) exam as one of block assessment component, as with MCQ, tutorial, and laboratory exam. This study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of SOCA examination at FK UnilaMethod: Video of 65 students doing SOCA examination and 28 question rubrics had taken when odd semester exam year 2014-2015 has been carying out at FK Unila. Video and question rubrics were assessed by 5 panelis and analysed using Lawshe's content validity ratio (CVR) to determinate its content validity. Students performance on the video were re-assessed by another assessor to see inter-rater reliability, than analysed using kappa Cohen. Two expert in medical education assessed the cognitive comlpexity of the question rubrics. Data of SOCA's student's mark from year II, III, and IV were analysed for construct valdity and internal consistency.Results: 93,7% of the overall question in 65 video were valid (CVR>99%) and 71,8% question number in 28 question rubrics also valid according to 5 panelis. SOCA cognitive complexity were at level of analyse, know how and 4a. Inter-rater reliability analysis showed 0,549 (moderate agreement) kappa value. Mann Whitney analysis for construct validity showed no significant difference of all year. Cronbach alpha analysis showed internal consistency at the point 0,575.Conclusion: FK Unila's SOCA of odd semester examination year 2014-2015 has sufficient content validity, sufficient cognitive complexity and sufficent inter-rater reliability but lack in construct validity and internal consistency. Keywords: SOCA, validity, reliability

Introduction: Intuitive eating involves consuming food based on internal hunger and satiety cues. This study aims to establish a validated and reliable questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire items' difficulty, uncertainty, and inappropriateness were conducted. The validity is analysed using the Content Validity Index and Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio, estimated by inter-item reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient). Results: The CVIs correlation coefficient is 0.89 – 0.99. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value is 0.66 – 0.68. Conclusion: This study showed that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability towards obesity from an intuitive eating behaviour perspective. Keywords: intuitive eating, obesity, validity, reliability eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3678

Developing an instrument to measure nurses' attitudes towards nursing students during clinical practice: A quantitative study

In light of the growing demand for high-quality instructional materials and the increasing integration of technology in education, Learning Resource Management System (LRMS) coordinators are responsible for both pedagogical and technical tasks. However, many lack role-specific professional development frameworks, leading to gaps in competency that hinder the full potential of the LRMS in the Department of Education. This developmental research aimed to design, validate, and determine the acceptability of a standard competencies portfolio for public school LRMS coordinators in the Schools Division of Escalante City. The study involved 84 participants—42 LRMS coordinators and 42 school heads—selected through complete enumeration. Two researcher-made instruments, a survey questionnaire and a survey scale, were developed, validated by five experts using Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR), and tested for reliability through Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics to identify competency gaps and assess the instrument's reliability and acceptability. Results indicated that the developed competencies portfolio, covering core purpose, key outcomes, professional knowledge, skills and attitudes, leadership, ICT skills, and learning resource development processes, was valid, highly reliable, and very highly acceptable. The framework serves as both a selection guide for school heads and a professional growth tool for coordinators, enabling targeted training, coaching, and performance enhancement. Findings underscore the importance of standardized competency frameworks in strengthening educational resource management and ensuring consistent, high-quality service delivery. The study recommends the institutional adoption of the portfolio to align role expectations, guide training programs, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of LRMS coordinators.