Abstract
Utilization of fruit by-products offers a potential solution in minimizing the economic and environmental problem posed by these wastes. In this study, the seeds of yellow Mangifera indica Linn. and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. were used as sources of starch as binder and disintegrant in the formulation of paracetamol tablet. Physicochemical, binder and disintegrant properties of the isolated starches were measured and evaluated based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. The M. indica and A. heterophyllus seed starches were white to off-white in color, odorless, has fine texture and yielded 25.64% and 44.85% starch, respectively. The M. indica seed starch has elongated-shaped while A. heterophyllus has smaller polygonal granules, resulting in passable to poor flowability. The lower solubility (p=0.004), and higher swelling power (p
Highlights
Philippines is within the top 10 fruit-producing countries in the world in 2010–2011, contributing to 2.70% of the total world fruit production (Pathak et al, 2015)
The starch from yellow M. indica yielded 25.64 g per 100 g seeds, which is similar to the yield obtained from earlier literature (El Saadany et al, 1980)
The starch from A. heterophyllus had a lower yield of 44.85 g per 100 g seeds compared to previous study (Tulyathan et al, 2002) due to differences in the extraction method
Summary
Philippines is within the top 10 fruit-producing countries in the world in 2010–2011, contributing to 2.70% of the total world fruit production (Pathak et al, 2015). (Moraceae) or jackfruit, are major fruit crops in the country, with 885,000 and 44,605 metric ton production in 2014, respectively (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015) These fruits have been used mainly in food industry and their pulp can be eaten raw, preserved or dried. Previous studies have reported the appreciable quantities of starch in the seeds of M. indica (El Saadany et al, 1980) and A. heterophyllus (Tulyathan et al, 2002). Starch is known to be one of the utilized excipients in tablet formulation because it is readily obtained from natural sources. It acts as binder, lubricant, disintegrant and diluent in various solid dosage forms (Hartesi et al, 2016; Ohubiojo and Rodrigues, 2012). Common sources of starch in Asia include potato, corn, cassava, wheat and tapioca (Fuglie, 1998)
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