Abstract
The arrangement of the Spongiadæ by Lamarck, based entirely on external form, is wholly inadequate for the discrimination of species. The classification adopted by Drs. Fleming, Grant, and Johnston, dependent more especially on the chemical constituents of those bodies, is far too limited to be applied in generic characters. The author has, therefore, for this purpose rejected both systems, and has retained the latter one for forming primary divisions only, and he purposes founding the generic characters principally on the organic structure and mode of arrangement of the skeleton, in accordance with the practice so generally adopted by naturalists with regard to many of the higher classes of animals.
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