Abstract
In the transition to environmental friendly pretreatment of aerospace aluminum alloys, chromic acid anodizing (CAA) is being replaced by sulfuric acid (SAA), phosphoric acid (PAA), or phosphoric-sulfuric acid (PSA) anodizing. While generally the main concern is controlling the film morphology, such as the pore diameter, oxide-, and barrier layer thickness, little is known on how the anodic oxide chemistry affects the interactions at the interface upon adhesive bonding. To study the link between surface chemistry and interfacial bonding, featureless oxides were prepared by stopping the anodizing during the formation of the barrier layer. A model was developed to quantify the relative amounts of OH–, PO43–, and SO42– by curve-fitting the XPS data. Calculations showed that almost 40% of the surface species in PAA oxide are phosphates (PO43–), whereas about 15% are sulfates (SO42) in SAA. When both anions were present in the electrolyte, phosphate incorporation was inhibited. Studies of the interaction betwee...
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