X-ray radiation research and the development of X-ray engineering in St. Petersburg

Abstract

The history of the beginning of X-ray research and X-ray instrumentation development in St. Petersburg is summarized in the current article. The history of the discovery of X-ray radiation, made by Professor Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen of The University of Wuerzburg on November 8, 1895 is briefly described. The history of the formation and the development of the main scientific centers in Leningrad for the study of X-rays and the contribution of outstanding scientists in the development of this field of knowledge and the history of the formation and growth of enterprises developing and producing X-ray devices is explained. These centers include A.F. Ioffe RAS Institute of Physics and Technology, created on the basis of the world's first state X-ray and radiological institute, The Department of Solid Body Electronics of St. Petersburg State University, The NGO "Burevestnik" (now the "Burevestnik" Innovation Center), The Department of Nuclear Geophysics of Leningrad State University, The All-Russian Research Institute of Exploratory Geophysics name after Rudgeophysic A.A. Logachev, The RAS Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) Institute of Nuclear Physics named after B.P. Konstantinov, The “Svetlana” (currently “Svetlana-Roentgen”) Leningrad Association of Electronic Instrumentation, The NIPC ELECTRON Research and Production Company, and The "LETI" St. Petersburg State Electrical University named after. V.I. Ul’yanov (Lenin). The names and achievements of the outstanding scientists and developers of X-ray equipment working in universities and enterprises of the city are named. X-ray devices, which were developed in Leningrad enterprises from the first models to the state-of-the-art X-ray devices that were being developed at the St. Petersburg plants are listed. Additional attention is paid to X-ray fluorescent analytical techniques and X-ray fluorescent analysis methods. Keywords : X-ray, spectrometer, analyzer, diffractometer, separator, defector, X-ray tube, crystal analyzer, detector DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.3.005 B.D. Kalinin “Pretsizion Tekhnologies” Co. Lt, ul. Altai, 12, St. Petersburg, 196066, Russian Federation