Abstract
Pulsars, especially X-ray pulsars detectable for small-size detectors, are highly accurate natural clocks suggesting potential applications such as interplanetary navigation control. Due to various complex cosmic background noise, the original pulsar signals, namely photon sequences, observed by detectors have low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) that obstruct the practical uses. This paper presents the pulsar denoising strategy developed based on the variational mode decomposition (VMD) approach. It is actually the initial work of our interplanetary navigation control research. The original pulsar signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) via VMD, by which the Gaussian noise contaminating the pulsar signals can be attenuated because of the filtering effect during signal decomposition and reconstruction. Comparison experiments based on both simulation and HEASARC-archived X-ray pulsar signals are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed pulsar denoising strategy.
Highlights
In our previous work [39], a brief variational mode decomposition (VMD)-based denoising algorithm was developed for an X-ray pulsar profile after epoch folding without applying detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to determine the mode number
The contribution of this paper includes presenting the denoising algorithm for X-ray pulsar signals based on the VMD method
The VMD denoising applied on pulsar signals consists of reconstructing the pulsar profile via summing intrinsic mode functions after decomposition
Summary
Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit electromagnetic signals and have periods ranging from milliseconds to thousands of seconds [1,2]; see Figure 1 for an illustration. In our previous work [39], a brief VMD-based denoising algorithm was developed for an X-ray pulsar profile after epoch folding without applying DFA to determine the mode number. The contribution of this paper includes presenting the denoising algorithm for X-ray pulsar signals based on the VMD method. Compared with those in [18,20,40], the prior knowledge of pulsar profiles is unnecessary for the proposed VMD-based pulsar denoising strategies. The. VMD-based design in this paper allows for processing the original pulsar signals that contain nonstationary background noise derived from many sources without leading to mode mixing problems, like that of the EMD-based analysis in [9,28,32].
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