“Wrong to be Queer and Latino”: multiple marginalized and underrepresented teachers’ identity negotiation

Aneta Pavlenko & Adrian Blackledge (eds.), Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2004. Pp. 312. Hb $44.95. This is one of the best books I have read this year. The topic is up to date and relevant for many contexts. Each author contributes to the originality of this edited book. The editors, Pavlenko & Blackledge, have done a wonderful job in putting together a series of texts that demonstrate how negotiation of identities is embedded within larger socioeconomic, sociohistoric and sociopolitical contexts. In order to situate their own framework, the editors start by examining different approaches to the negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. The sociopsychological approach examines the negotiation of identities in second language learning and language use. However, this approach treats learning trajectories as linear and unidirectional, with little acknowledgment of the fact that learning language and identity building are more complex. Interactional sociolinguistics focuses on the negotiation of identities via code-switching and language choice. This approach sees social identities as more fluid and constructed through linguistic and social interaction. However, even though much sociolinguistic research examines the negotiation of languages choices and identities in multilingual contexts, Pavlenko & Blackledge claim that few have tried to theorize it. In this book, they propose a poststructuralist and critical theory approach to negotiation of identities. Based on the work of Gal 1989, Heller 1988, 1992, 1995a, 1995b, and Woolard 1985, 1989, 1998, the editors argue that language choice in multilingual contexts is embedded in larger social, political, economic, and cultural systems. Their interest is in how languages are used to legitimize, challenge and negotiate specific identities, and to open new identity options for groups and individuals who are subjugated. Their framework combines aspects of the social constructionist approach, which focuses on discursive construction of identities, and the poststructuralist emphasis on power relations. The editors explain in detail what they mean by identities embedded within power relations with the work of Bourdieu. They also focus on identity narratives that reconstruct the links among past, present, and future, and they impose coherence where it was missing.

This article sets out an approach to the architecture, perception and negotiation of personal identity in relation to a number of issues in the fields of social interaction, communication and language teaching. In part one, particular attention is paid to the concept of ethos, a collaborative construct resulting from mutually influencing communcative behaviours: a speaker's projected self‐image as assessed and perceived by hearers. In part two a variety of communicative practices involved in the negotiation of identity are exemplified and analysed, including membershipping, anecdote and pragmatic failure, and their relevance to applied linguistics is discussed.

Questioning is a potential means to establish identity in social interaction, and thus it helps position oneself in relation to others. However, this relationship between question and social identity remains relatively under-explored in the theoretical territory (Kao & Weng, 2012; Tracy & Naughton, 1994). This paper contributes to this area of inquiry by employing critical discourse analysis in investigating the construction and negotiation of social identity through questions. Data are drawn from four sets of casual conversations I conducted with two native and two non-native speakers of English. Two stages of analysis are carried out. Firstly, I present and distribute the questioning patterns that emerge from the conversation. Secondly, I analyse the questioning process and its relation to the negotiation of social identity. Findings and discussion reveal that social identity is multiple: as a site of struggle and subject to change. The negotiation of identity through questions is evident from the emerging patterns of the length of interrogative form, repetitive questions, and the intensity of social control.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Abstract: Becoming competent in a language involves more than just academic success, but also multi-faceted aspects of self in a situated context. The core of the study is to explore a participant’s experience as a marginalized student in a Filipino American community and the trajectories of learning a foreign language over time and space. Narratives from the participant reflect his approach toward language learning (LL) as well as his motivation behind language learning. This study highlight s the impact of foreign language learning experience upon the participant’s conflict, negotiation, and transformation of identity. Following his positioning analysis, the paper closely look s at how evaluation by other Filipinos within the community contributes to the participant’s ongoing (re)construction and negotiation of identity. How these evaluations encourage or impede his access to heritage language and culture is analyzed based on the participant’s use of reported speech. The paper explored whether or not LL can be a way of negotiating and gaining agency, as well as how LL help s a marginalized learner to choose where and how he wants to belong to. The paper also look s at how marginalization motivates language learning, through which the participant seeks to reposition himself. The study also examine s how power relationship (marginalized student in a situated context) plays a role in the process of negotiation of identity and meaning-making of self. Results from this study conclude that through experiences in foreign language learning as well as negotiating meanings for being a Japanese as a Foreign Language (JFL) student, the participant gradually shifts to belong to a different community prior to his language learning experience in which he can practice agency and is no longer a marginalized member of his heritage community. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

A person-centred approach in healthcare has garnered increasing global attention and is promoted in research and by the WHO as an approach that holds potential for improving the quality of healthcare, patient safety and nurses' work environment. This, in turn, supports the recruitment and retention of nurses. This institutional ethnography is situated on a Danish University hospital where a person-centred approach is central to the hospitals' visions, goals and strategy in nursing practice. We explore the connections between institutional discourses and nurses' negotiations of meaning and identity and the implications for a person-centred approach. These connections often remain invisible until they are subjected to analysis. The study is based on participant observation, interviews with nurses and nurse managers and scrutiny of the fields' documents. Additionally, we conducted a series of co-creation workshops (WS) with nurses as co-researchers to facilitate critical reflection through joint analysis. The empirical material is analysed by the authors by using mapping and Bakhtin's concept of voice. This study sheds light on the multiple ways in which policy and institutional discourses constitute ruling relations that activate, mediate and coordinate nursing practice as institutional logics infuse nurses' person-centred, holistic voice. Thus, the study provides perspectives on how neoliberal efficiency discourses contribute to a cross-pressure affecting nurses' work environment, shaping their ability to engage in person-centred care and communication.

The Church as an organization provides a wealth of research opportunities to explore how the process of identity construction and negotiation function. The present work, therefore, is a study of members’ identity construction and negotiation in an African Pentecostal Prayer Camp, Moment of Glory Prayer Army (MOGPA). Through the theoretical frameworks that build on the constructs of communication theory of identity and the identity negotiation theory, this ethnographic study explores the identities constructed by the members of this organization and how they negotiate those identities in their quest for physical and spiritual wholeness. An analysis of the data collected shows that participants through their performances at the prayer camp gatherings construct multifaceted personal, gender, social, ethnic and professional identities. The ethnographic study also revealed that in negotiating their identities, the strategies adopted by participants included acts of adornments, socialization and immersive participation. The study concluded that identity construction and negotiation of members come through the process of social interactions and learning and impacted by the identity of the Prayer Camp’s. Keywords: Identity negotiation, ethnography, prayer camp, Pentecostalism, social interaction DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-24-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

This paper examines the negotiation of young unmarried women's sexual identities in the cultural context of an innercity Chicano community. Previous work often views the unmarried mother status as unproblematic, that is, as deviant or as equal to a married mother. Values are assumed to determine directly the evaluation of the status of unwed mother, and motherhood is viewed as an instrumental action. This analysis of premarital sex and motherhood suggests that motherhood plays an expressive role and that the evaluation of a young woman's sexual identity is not directly determined by her becoming premaritally pregnant and an unwed mother, but her identity is negotiated. In this negotiation process traditional values are blurred and changed. Here nonuse of birth control cannot be explained by lack of information or irrationality but must be understood as part of the process of developing a sexual identity within a particular cultural context. The relationship between behavior and identity is viewed as problematic and the construction and symbolization of this relationship in a public dialogue is the concern of this analysis.

For the past decades of uprising fame of Korean Wave, the influence of it on student’s cultural identities is globally significant, particularly among Filipinos. The uprising influences of the Korean drama wave to the Philippines contributes to a disturbing change and fading of cultural identity of the Filipinos. This study investigates the influence of Korean dramas to the cultural identity of students in one private school. This study utilized a qualitative research design through interviews, specifically phenomenological, through the use of a validated interview questionnaire. With the increasing global popularity of K-dramas, this research examines how exposure to this form of media influences students' fashion, language, food preferences, and media consumption practices in relation to their own cultural identity. Through semi-structured interview, allowing an in-depth discussion of student’s perception about the influence of foreign media specifically K-drama, the study examines the extent to which K-dramas impact students' attitudes towards Filipino culture, their adoption of Korean cultural elements, and their negotiation of identity in a globalized world. Findings from this research provides insights into the complex interplay between media consumption and cultural identity formation among young Filipinos, contributing to a better understanding of the cultural dynamics in the context of globalization and media influence. Based on the study results, it reveals significant insights forming four central themes illustrating how exposure in Korean drama reshapes preferences in food, fashion, and daily habits of those who are exposed. This emphasized the negotiation of cultural identity as students incorporate foreign influences into their self-perception while still valuing their local identity.

In the early novels of the Carvalho detective series by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, set in the years of Spain’s transition to democracy, the negotiation of identities and political stance are paramount characterization resources. Given the role of speech in the construction of identity, translations may vary in the readings they afford beyond the detective aspects. We apply the sociolinguistic concepts of identity work and language style (albeit mediated by fictive orality), and the discourse analysis tools of Appraisal Theory, to analyse two working-class characters in Los mares del sur ( 1979 ) and in its English ( 1986 ) and Croatian ( 2007 ) translations. In Spanish the language style of both characters reflects class allegiance, involvement and tenacity, intense feelings, a direct interpersonal approach and a rejection of altercasting. Their vocabulary and quotations from external sources index their ideology. The English translation is the least aware of identity work through language style and interaction. The characters’ standardized speech shows less involvement, tenacity and intensity. The Croatian translation follows the source text literally; involvement is maintained within a fictive colloquial spoken variety. Both translations maintain directness and a contractive dialogic style, and both make references to class and ideology more explicit.

GENDER AND SEXUALITY ARE KEY FORCES in the negotiation of national and cultural identities, as is evident in the texts of North African writers such as Abdelkdbir Khatibi, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Nabile Fares, Mohammed Dib, and Assia Djebar, and women's negotiation of these identities is frequently a central issue. Yet some critics have taken a postfeminist approach to these questions, analyzing the textual deployment of woman without considering its relation to women's historical and material reality. Others have taken a feminist approach devoted mainly to studying images of women (as mothers, militants, etc.), leaving aside the problem of the texts' staging of the social processes by which human subjects are constituted as women in particular cultural and historical circumstances.' Critical neglect of women's constitution as historical subjects in literature is perhaps nowhere more apparent than in readings of Kateb Yacine's Nedjma, for though readers readily recognize in Nedjma (the character) an emblem of the contradictory forces at work in Algeria's search for national identity, they rarely consider Nedjma's significance for Algerian women's liberation, and never see in it a figuration of the revolution's failure to ensure social equality for women. I would argue in favor of feminist readings of North African fiction that neither limit inquiry to the examination of sex roles and their literary representations, nor bypass women's interests by focusing attention on woman as a textual marker of intractable difference. Taking Nedjma as my example, I hope to demonstrate the importance of attending to the relation between fiction and North African women's potency as makers of social meanings. After showing why Nedjma must be read in the context of women's political situation in Algeria today, I will trun to the related question of Western feminist scholarship on women of North Africa and the Middle East, arguing that debates in Arab feminism and recent reflections on theory and methodology in feminist social science should be taken into account by literary scholars.

ABSTRACTCommunicating effectively with people from different cultures in the workplace is very challenging. Barriers to intercultural communication can occur, such as anxiety, roles and norms, beliefs and values, stereotypes and ethnocentrism. These barriers can cause internal conflict within a group of organizations or companies that have employees with different cultures. Internal conflicts that occur will also prevent the organization to achieve its goals. The current issue is how the management of intercultural communication conflicts occurs in international organizations. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of employees of international organizations in the management of intercultural communication conflicts by knowing the negotiation of employee identity, knowing the types and forms of conflict experienced by employees of international organizations and knowing the form of face management in inter-cultural communication conflict management at employees of international organizations. The subject of this research are international organization employees from India, UK, Indonesia and China. Theory used in this study are Identity Negotiation Theory, Face Negotiation Theory, Effective Intercultural Workgroup in Communication Theory and Thomas and Killman’s Conflict Management Model. The results showed that the negotiation of identity between collectivist and individualist cultures that occurred begins with the interaction between cultures in the form of communication behavior, language, personal character and response from other employees. Differences in ways of thinking and view are the main causes of conflict between individualist and collectivist cultures. Face owned by each culture influences other differences such as how individuals perceive themselves in conflict, self-priority in conflict, and the conflict management style used. Intercultural conflict management that occurs requires a third party as a mediator.Keywords : Intercultural Communication, Conflict Management, International Organization

Reviewed by: Single Mothers in Contemporary Japan: Motherhood, Class, and Repro ductive Practice by Aya Ezawa Yoko Yamamoto (bio) Single Mothers in Contemporary Japan: Motherhood, Class, and Repro ductive Practice. By Aya Ezawa. Lexington Books, Lanham MD, 2016. xxvi, 127 pages. $84.00, cloth; $78.50, E-book. Mothers have been one of the central topics in studies on Japanese families and education. Since the 1970s, middle-class to upper-middle-class Japanese mothers, in their role as "professional housewives," have enjoyed a reputation as a critical agent contributing to family members' well-being and children's healthy and successful development. Over the last few decades, more studies have demonstrated diverse forms of motherhood and mothering, especially by examining working-class mothers whose major responsibilities include contributing to family finances. Nevertheless, studies on Japanese mothers in poverty as well as those outside marital status are still scarce, particularly in English-language literature. The rate of single mothers is relatively low in Japan. However, about 60 per cent of single mothers in Japan live in poverty (p. xii), which is significantly higher than the proportion in other developed nations, even though the majority of them work. Thus, studies on single mothers offer insights into persisting gender hierarchies and inequality that lead to structural and psychological barriers to women in Japan. In Single Mothers in Contemporary Japan: Motherhood, Class, and Reproductive Practice, Aya Ezawa skillfully depicts the "gendered meanings of social class" (p. xii) through her analyses of single mothers' life trajectories, experiences, and perspectives as mothers and working women. Ezawa delves into the variations and diversities among single mothers, especially across generations and social classes, in addition to commonalities in their experiences related to mothering. Her research method focuses on qualitative analyses of life-history interviews with 59 single mothers with preschool-aged children in Tokyo that were collected from 1998 to 2000. In 2004 and 2005, she conducted follow-up interviews with some of the original women and additional mothers with older children. Her research also included ethnographic fieldwork and participant observation at events and meetings providing support for single mothers. She intentionally recruited single mothers who were born in different generations, ranging from the 1950s to the 1970s. In so doing, she was able to capture shifting ideals of family and motherhood in a rapidly changing social and economic environment that powerfully shaped Japanese women's construction of aspirations and life decisions. [End Page 182] Unlike earlier periods when marriage was viewed in relation to patriarchy and women's subordination, during Japan's economic growth period marriage and family consisting of a salaryman husband and a stay-at-home wife and mother became a symbol of a happy life and the norm of the middle class. Around this time, many people, including women, started to perceive stay-at-home mothers as a symbol of status and achievement for women. Ezawa argues that the challenges faced by single mothers came not only from economic conditions and practical issues such as time management and living conditions but also from negotiations of maternal identities and roles. Single mothers, most of whom worked at low-paying jobs, struggled to provide what, in their minds, ideal and happy families had, such as financial stability (provided by a father) and cultural capital (fostered at home). The book consists of five chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusion. After describing the overview of this study and the research method in the introduction, chapter 1 provides careful literature reviews on shifts in family systems during the postwar era and on women's life courses, along with the development of professional housewife ideals. This section also describes social policy, economic status, and employment opportunities for single mothers. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on women's life stories based on analysis of the interviews, including their childhood experiences and socialization processes in the prebubble and bubble generations, respectively. Chapters 4 and 5 move on to elaborate women's experiences, views, and attitudes toward childrearing and negotiations of identities as single mothers. These chapters also highlight the challenges facing single mothers, such as structural discrimination and work-life balance. Sometimes, I found it difficult to keep track of some...

Based on first-person accounts, the negotiation of identity and belonging in 12 adults with multilingual and multicultural backgrounds is examined. The narratives show contradictory feelings towards the issue of multilinguality, which generally is experienced as a greater obstacle by multilingual adults who have predominantly gone to state schools than by adults who went to international schools. Education and different school systems play a role in constructing the cultural frameworks of inclusion and exclusion. This paper concludes that a significant factor for the differing perceptions may lie in the opportunity or lack thereof to share the experience of multiple allegiances and identifications with peers. In that respect, some school environments contribute to the cultivation of their students' linguistic and cultural awareness, and multilinguality is consequently no longer perceived as a personal or communal threat.

Linguistic diversity poses a significant but not insuperable obstacle to transnational flows of popular music in East Asia. This paper reviews strategies that are used to overcome language barriers, especially the use of English by mainstream artists. Although this strategy has met with some success, it can be problematic in that it involves the negotiation of new artist identities with audiences. This negotiation of identities is illustrated by an analysis of YouTube comments on two English-language music videos by established Asian-language singers – Tata Young's ‘Sexy, Naughty, Bitchy’ and Utada Hikaru's ‘Easy Breezy’, which indicates that language, ethnic and gender identities are all problematised when these singers choose to sing in English.

The world of the Palestinian journalist is complex, difficult and emotional. This project examines how journalists trained in what Americans would consider conventional professional values see themselves. A survey of 75 Palestinian journalists is augmented by the self-reports of sixteen long interviews that give insight into the negotiation of personal and professional identities.