Abstract
Both academics and practitioners concur that parking restraints should be actively introduced in urban centers and job-intensive areas, to prevent overdependence on automobiles. Many Chinese metropolises have reduced the level of parking minimums for non-residential premises in central and transit-rich areas. However, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of these policies. Taking Shenzhen as a case study, this paper compares the parking supply with the parking minimums at each policy period, and analyzes the spatial characteristics of parking provision for office use. The descriptive analysis found that the effects of minimum parking requirements (MPRs) on parking provision vary by floor area ratio (FAR), operation period, and transit accessibility. By conducting a geographical weighted regression (GWR) model, this paper further examines the spatially varying effects of the built environment on parking provision. The modeling results conclude that the significance and strength of the effects of built environments on parking provision vary across space. (1) The total parking quantity increases with the growth of the FAR, and this increasing effect is larger in suburban areas than in the city proper. (2) Lot size has a positive relationship with parking provision, and the effects are stronger in areas with higher parking demand. (3) Transit accessibility has inconsistent associations with parking provision at different locations, in terms of the direction and strength of the influence. These results provide relevant insights into the development of context-specific parking policies in the high-density contexts of China’s large cities.
Highlights
Parking policy is significant in influencing travel behavior, and has been extensively employed by urban and transport planners in an attempt to promote sustainable transport [1]
(1) The total parking quantity increases with the growth of the floor area ratio (FAR), and this increasing effect is larger in suburban areas than in the city proper
This study extends our previous research to office land use, where reduced minimum parking requirements (MPRs) and context-specific parking standards are widely implemented
Summary
Parking policy is significant in influencing travel behavior, and has been extensively employed by urban and transport planners in an attempt to promote sustainable transport [1]. Liu et al [14] showed that the benefits of compact land use and transit-oriented development (TOD) for reducing car use can be either reinforced or offset, depending on the various interrelationships between parking and the built environment These studies demonstrate the necessity of placing parking regulations into a larger context, one in which the land use pattern, public transport, and urban form are all taken into account. The aim of this study is to fill the aforementioned research gaps, and to expand the knowledge of how parking provision is influenced by both parking standards and the market It examines a policy change in Shenzhen, China, in the early 2000s, when reduced parking minimums were applied to non-residential developments located in the city center and transit-rich areas.
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