Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the sources related to work place discrimination against working women in Jordan. The studied discrimination sources are: age discrimination, racial discrimination, religious discrimination, gender discrimination, women social status discrimination and sexual harassment. Data were collected via questionnaires from 154 working women in academic and managerial positions at Al-Balqa Applied University in Jordan. Crosstabs were used to describe sample characteristics related to discrimination and Chi square test was used to test the hypotheses. Crosstabs tabulations results found that educated and married women who are moving to a higher age category feel more discriminated at workplace. Chi Square findings indicated that Jordanian working women exposed to different sources of discrimination except religious discrimination at workplace.
Highlights
Arab women studies that examined sources related to discrimination against Arab working women in workplace are very seldom reported in women literature review, but experts in the field of Arab women issues agreed about men domination in social and work environments and that Arab culture is masculine bias
Discrimination*age cross tabulation results showed that whenever a working women are moving to a higher age category, they feel more discriminated at work, because women in this age category are expected to achieve remarkable career progress so they are being exposed to glass ceiling practices from their men colleagues
The results indicated that Jordanian working women suffer from different sources of discrimination mainly based on age, race, gender, social status and sexual harassment, women who are in higher age category or married or more educated or from different race and they may have been exposed to sexual harassment behaviors
Summary
Arab women studies that examined sources related to discrimination against Arab working women in workplace are very seldom reported in women literature review, but experts in the field of Arab women issues agreed about men domination in social and work environments and that Arab culture is masculine bias. The Jordanian women rights are determined by the integration between European civil law and Islamic principles, but the traditional view about masculinity and femininity are still the main determinants of women conditions to select their education and professions in work place. Jordanian women passed through long steps searching equality within their societies in general and in their works more specific, they achieved significant improvements in education field but they still complain from inferior treatment in economic, political, and social life, approaches to opportunities, and discrimination in work place environments (Al-Manasra, 2013). The various regulations and legislations issued in Jordan to strengthen and support the site of women in workplace, the working women still suffer from different discriminatory treatment in formal procedures in their ijbm.ccsenet.org
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