Women’s Entrepreneurship in Montenegro

Factors Influencing the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh

Critical Factors for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Retail Business of Bangladesh

Women participation in economic development has been identified to be of importance, most especially in the area of entrepreneurship. However, women the world over play a substantial role in the socio- economic and political development of any country. Given this, the current study examined the effect of socio-cultural factors on women entrepreneurship development in Kaduna state. The specific objectives of the study include: to examine the effect of religion on women entrepreneurship development in Kaduna State; to examine the effect of culture on women entrepreneurship development in Kaduna State; and to examine the effect of gender roles on women entrepreneurship development in Kaduna State. Using descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 332 women entrepreneurs in Kaduna metropolis and then analyzed via correlation and regression analyses techniques to examine the cause, effect, strength and degree of the relationship between socio-cultural factors and women entrepreneurship development. The study found that there is a significant relationship between socio-cultural factors and women entrepreneurship development in Kaduna metropolis, indicating significant relationships between religion and women entrepreneurship, between culture and women entrepreneurship and between gender role and women entrepreneurship development in Kaduna metropolis. The study recommends that women entrepreneurs in Kaduna metropolis should be proactive in doing business by bearing in mind various socio-cultural factors such as religion, culture and gender roles that may hinder the smooth running of their businesses.

Policy Implications to Improve the Business Environment to Encourage Female Entrepreneurship in the North of Vietnam

Socioeconomic Factors of Women Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh

Needless to say that the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh lack behind in economic advancement and decision making abilities compared to men business entrepreneurs. Research shows that only seven percent of the total business establishments are owned and headed by women which are negligible in number in a country where more than 170 million people live. One of the reasons of poor development of women entrepreneurship is limited decision making abilities of the women at different level of the society. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors related to the development of women decision making abilities among the women business entrepreneurs. This is a causal research and this study used primary data collected from the women entrepreneurs of seven administrative divisional head-quarters of Bangladesh enlisted in Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BWCCI) database. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 395 women business entrepreneurs who are involved in SME businesses for interview. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women business entrepreneurship activities such as, enterprise management, enterprise resourcing, generating business ideas, and harvesting and growth are significantly related to the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. And the development of entrepreneurship helps developing decision making abilities of the women entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial factors that help to improve the abilities of decision making of the women entrepreneurs are concerned with cognitive, affective and psychomotor factors. This study suggests that the policy makers of this sector should emphasize the enhancement of the decision making abilities of the women in formulating the SME policy for the sustainable economic development of Bangladesh.

Background and Purpose: Volume and sophistication of scientific research related to different aspects of entrepreneurship have significantly increased in recent years. Many authors point out the positive influence that development of micro, small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurship has on economic growth and job creation. According to various researchers, youth entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurship are two very important elements of this global phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to provide the analysis of strategic framework for the support to the development of youth and women entrepreneurship in Serbia. Design/Methodology/Approach: Situational analysis of youth and women employment and examination of official Government strategic documents related to strategic framework for the support to the development of youth and women entrepreneurship in Serbia will be conducted. Results: Concrete activities have to be performed by different stakeholders, mostly non-government organizations. The activity stakeholders are on the bottom of the institutional framework, which provides the support to MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) sector that will execute the operations in accordance with the defined strategic framework. Conclusion: Youth-run enterprises provide numerous benefits for society; they reduce youth unemployment and help young people prepare for their future. Female entrepreneurs also have strong economic and social impact.

This study investigates the role of microfinance services on women's entrepreneurship development in Assosa town. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory designs and a quantitative research approach. The study targeted 352 women clients of Assosa Woreda Microfinance Institution, and 165 samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed through the statistical package for social science (SPSS) 26 software. The findings from the descriptive mean analysis indicate that the microfinance institution financial and non-financial services offered were found unable to significantly empower disadvantaged and poor women by improving their livelihood and development of their business. The correlation result also indicated a positive and significant association between saving practice, access to credit, skill development training, and the development of women entrepreneurs. Finally, the regression result saving and the credit or loan services of the microfinance institution service have the most decisive influence on women's entrepreneurship development.

PurposeReview of literature suggests mixed findings on the relationship between the church and micro women entrepreneurship development. This signals that questions remain about the roles of churches in entrepreneurial development. Thus, this paper aims to explore what entrepreneurial activities are provided by churches to their micro women entrepreneurs and how do these activities influence their entrepreneurial start up and growth.Design/methodology/approachPhenomenological research methodologies were used to purposive collected data from 38 women entrepreneurs and four church administers in Tema. Results were analyzed using the emergent strategy.FindingsThe results suggest that churches provided four entrepreneurial activities which are categorized as finance, networking, promotion of self-confidence and impartation of ethical values. These factors promoted the growth of women entrepreneurial growth but not the start-up of entrepreneurial ventures. The study concluded that the church should provide more support for new entrepreneurial ventures. Therefore, embeddedness because of membership of a church is a critical part of women entrepreneurship development.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies will need to replicate these findings with other types of businesses, in other locations.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that policymakers should be working in conjunction with churches in a bid to promote micro women entrepreneurship development.Originality/valueLimited research has been conducted on church entrepreneurial activities in the development of micro women entrepreneurs in developing economies such as Ghana. This empirical research provides important insights into this field.

Purpose– This paper aims to identify developmental issues associated with women entrepreneurship, with the Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as a base. Subsequently, the paper also aims to devise certain stratagems and new policies for ensuring women entrepreneurial growth.Design/methodology/approach– An overview of the issues surrounding women entrepreneurship development in Malaysia is provided, drawing on the extant literature. The issues comprise cultural barriers, lack of spousal support, gender inequality, lack of confidence, weak social and business networking, few laws to support working families and neglected women entrepreneurs in the cottage industry, as well as domestic help and home-based childcare.Findings– Based on the issues identified, strategies are proposed to address them, contextualising on the gender aspect of women entrepreneurship.Practical implications– A summary is provided on the research and practical gaps from the perspective of strengthening women entrepreneurship and with the aim of encouraging further research in this area. The paper posits that an understanding of the gender aspect on issues related to the development of women entrepreneurship in Malaysia is required if policy measures are to be constructive in assisting women entrepreneurs in achieving their full entrepreneurial potential.Originality/value– Very limited studies have been undertaken in the past to assess the issues faced by women entrepreneurs in the context of overall development of women entrepreneurship. This is of great value to an SME-dominated economy such as Malaysia where the paper provides a comprehensive summary of the strategies and policy measures required to strengthen women entrepreneurship development.

The position of women in Serbia on the labor market is very unfavorable, so they represent a traditionally discriminated social group. One way to improve the position of women in society in Serbia is to encourage self-employment and the development of women entrepreneurship. Many measures have been implemented in order to develop women entrepreneurship in Serbia. This has led to the development of women entrepreneurship in Serbia, but it is developing very slowly, due to the influence of several factors. The subject of this chapter was to explain the genesis of the development of women entrepreneurship in Serbia and to analyze the limiting and incentive influencing factors of the development of women entrepreneurship in Serbia. Our research has shown that motives that have a significant impact on women in Serbia to start their own business are the need for higher earnings, necessity (unemployment), need for independence in work and autonomy, childcare, and need to provide a better future for the children. The key restrictions on women entrepreneurship in Serbia are lack of one’s own capital, lack of managerial knowledge and experience, lack of knowledge of the nature of business, childcare, and responsibilities in the home and the family.

Empirical studies have found that developing countries are mostly affected by the whims of gender discrimination particularly against the women in their quest to be involveld in entrepreneurship activities and other economic ventures. Hence , the need to study Women Entrepreneurships’ Development in Imo State, Nigeria; Challenges and Prospects. Four hundred and fifty (450) women entrepreneurs from Imo State Nigeria were randomly selected from the list of registered women entrepreneurs in the three geopolitical zones of Imo State. A likert scale responses on questionnaire and rating scales were used to obtain the required data for the study. It deployed descriptive statistics and regression analysis for hypotheses testing. Findings reveal that, challenges (CHA) exerted significant negative influence on the women entrepreneurship development (WED) in Imo State, Nigeria. On the other hand, prospects (PRO) is a positive and significant function of WED. Results also reveal that, discriminatory laws and regulations (DLR) (with mean rank of 5.21) happens to be the highest challenge to women entrepreneurship in Imo State. While innovation (INNO) (with mean rank of 7.49) represents the highest Prospects for women entrepreneurship in Imo State. The study concluded that, the strength in the identified prospects will help curtail the gender biases in favour of the women. In all, dismantling of the discriminatory laws and regulations against women will produce the ultimate objective of economic growth and development. Consequently, the future of women entrepreneurship in Imo State, lies in those identified prospects. It recommended that government deliberate support programmes targeting the female folk will aid women entrepreneurship development. Thus, the more increase in participation by females in entrepreneurial activity will provide the required trajectory for development.

The number of women entrepreneurs who start a new business or own a business has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the problems faced by women entrepreneurs registered in the associations and chambers of business in the Eastern Mediterranean Region during their entrepreneurship and to examine the effects of these problems on women entrepreneurs. The main purpose of this study is to define the role of female labor force in the new sectoral structure in the changing labor market. In addition, it is aimed to identify the existing entrepreneurship activities, to examine the barriers to entrepreneurship and to propose solutions to the problems identified in line with the findings. The role of women entrepreneurs in the labor market is examined. Evaluating these factors, which are thought to affect the business life of women entrepreneurs, to develop suggestions that can contribute to their development and empowerment. Within the scope of this study, women entrepreneurs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region were investigated. In the preliminary study, women entrepreneurs registered as women entrepreneurs were identified by contacting the Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Industry, Organized Industrial Zone and Commodity Exchange, and the research was conducted through face-to-face questionnaires with the entrepreneurs who accepted the interview in Eastern Mediterranean Region. At the end of the study, the most common problems faced by women engaged in entrepreneurship activity were; low level of education, insufficient financial support and lack of information. In developing countries such as Turkey, especially in terms of the effects of women's entrepreneurship development should not be ignored.

Today, the problem of poverty has emerged as a global problem in all countries of the world. Due to the difference in economic development, poverty is different and has a relative meaning. Prevention and reduction of poverty and improving the quality of life of the people, increasing the interest and aspirations of women in women's entrepreneurship, creating favorable conditions for the development of their entrepreneurial activities are the main foundations of today's reforms. In a country where there is a gap between the incomes of the population, it is clear that there will be poor people. Therefore, poverty cannot be eradicated, but it can be reduced through the development of entrepreneurship. The poverty rate is inversely proportional to the economic level of the country, i.e., in developed economies, the poverty rate is low, and in weak economies it is high. The whole world has turned its attention to solving this problem.
 The accession of the Republic of Uzbekistan to global economic processes requires more active participation of women in the economic life of the country. Entrepreneurship is becoming an independent factor of women's sexual freedom in the economic sphere. At a time when society is renewing and entering the world economy, the development of women's entrepreneurship is encouraged. This is the main source of development of the real sector of the economy.
 Through the socio-economic development of women's entrepreneurship, it is possible to observe a certain positive effect on achieving sustainable economic development of the country, especially in the prevention of poverty. This article highlights the role of women's entrepreneurship in the country's economy and the problems in its development and their solutions, conclusions and recommendations.

This research was conducted to examine the impact of decision-making empowerment on women entrepreneurship development in Yemen. Two dimensions of decision-making empowerment were used; economic decision making, and household decision-making empowerment. This study employed the quantitative approach and the method of collecting data was the online-questionnaire. The targeted sample size of this study was 200 business women in Yemen and the response rate was 96.5%. The results of the correlational analysis show that there is a clear strong positive correlation between decision-making empowerment and women entrepreneurship development. In addition, the two dimensions; economic decision making, and household decision-making have a significant relationship with women entrepreneurship development. The results of the regression analysis reveal that decision-making empowerment has a significant impact on women entrepreneurship development and the economic decision-making empowerment and household decision-making empowerment were explaining women entrepreneurship development. It can be concluded that empowering women by allowing them to participate in economic and household decision-making appears to be one of the important factors for developing women's entrepreneurship in particular, which in turn will help reduce poverty as well as achieve economic growth.