Abstract
As the number of female medical students and surgical residents increases, the increasing number of female academic surgeons has been disproportionate. The purpose of this brief report is to evaluate the AAMC data from 1969 to 2018 to compare the level of female academic faculty representation for surgical specialties over the past four decades. The number of women as a percentage of the total surgeons per year were recorded for each year from 1969-2018, the most recent year available. Descriptive statistics were performed. Poisson regression examined the percentage of women in each field as the outcome of interest with the year and specialty (using general surgery as a reference) as two predictor variables. Data from the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC). All full-time academic faculty physicians in the specialties of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), general surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology (ENT), plastic surgery, plastic surgery, urology, neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery as per AAMC records. The percentage of women in surgery for all specialties evaluated increased from 1969 to 2018 (OR 1.04, p<0.001). Compared with general surgery, the rate of yearly percentage change increased more slowly in neurosurgery (OR 0.84; P = .004), orthopaedic surgery (OR 0.82; P = .002), urology (OR 0.59; P < .001), and cardiothoracic surgery (OR 0.38; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of yearly percentage change for plastic surgery (OR 1.01; P = .840). The rate of yearly percentage change increased more rapidly in OB/GYN (OR 2.86; P < .001), ophthalmology (OR 1.79; P < .001) and ENT (OR 1.70; P < .001). Representation of women in academic surgery is increasing overall but is increasing more slowly in orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery and urology compared with that in general surgery. These data may be used to inform and further the discussion of how mentorship and sponsorship of female students and trainees interested in surgical careers may improve gender equity in the future.
Highlights
When the “New Yorker Cover Challenge” and the #ILookLikeASurgeon hashtag went viral on social media, much attention was directed to women in surgical fields
As the number of female medical students and surgical residents increases, the increasing number of female academic surgeons in certain surgical specialties has been disproportionately low. The purpose of this brief report is to evaluate the Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) data from 1969 to 2018 to do the following: 1.) report current numbers and percentages of women in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) general surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology (ENT), plastic surgery, urology, neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery; 2.) compare current level of female representation with data from the past four decades; 3.) identify rates of change for female representation in surgical subspecialties compared with general surgery as a reference
All full-time academic faculty physicians in the specialties of OB/GYN, general surgery, ophthalmology, ENT, plastic surgery, plastic surgery, urology, neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery were obtained from the AAMC
Summary
When the “New Yorker Cover Challenge” and the #ILookLikeASurgeon hashtag went viral on social media, much attention was directed to women in surgical fields. These movements succeeded in raising awareness of gender stereotyping and highlight the disparity in representation of women in surgery. As the number of female medical students and surgical residents increases, the increasing number of female academic surgeons in certain surgical specialties has been disproportionately low The purpose of this brief report is to evaluate the AAMC data from 1969 to 2018 to do the following: 1.) report current numbers and percentages of women in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) general surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology (ENT), plastic surgery, urology, neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery; 2.) compare current level of female representation with data from the past four decades; 3.) identify rates of change for female representation in surgical subspecialties compared with general surgery as a reference
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