Abstract

We employed a nested sampling design to quantify hierarchical patterns of variation in leaf characteristics of the polycormic tree, Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa. Sampling levels included trees, ramets within trees, branches within ramets, short shoots within branches, and leaves within short shoots. Leaf water content, specific weight, toughness, and nitrogen content were measured. We used only short shoot leaves, i.e. leaves of the same age. All hierarchical levels contributed significant components of variation. Trees, and ramets within trees, usually contributed more variation than branches or shoots. Trees accounted for 12 to 64 % of the total variance (least in toughness, most in nitrogen content) (...)

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