Abstract
Metamaterial Sensors show significant potential for applications ranging from hazardous chemical detection to biochemical analysis with high-quality sensing properties. However, they require additional measurement systems to analyze the resonance spectrum in real time, making it difficult to use them as a compact and portable sensor system. Herein, we present a novel wireless-powered chemical sensing system by using energy-harvesting metamaterials at microwave frequencies. In contrast to previous studies, the proposed metamaterial sensor utilizes its harvested energy as an intuitive sensing indicator without complicated measurement systems. As the spectral energy-harvesting rate of the proposed metamaterial sensor can be varied by changing the chemical components and their mixtures, we can directly distinguish the chemical species by analyzing the resulting output power levels. Moreover, by using a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi source, we experimentally realize a prototype chemical sensor system that wirelessly harvests the energy varying from 0 mW up to 7 mW depending on the chemical concentration of the water-based binary mixtures.
Highlights
Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures that show exotic electromagnetic properties including strong field enhancement and localization of the incident waves [1,2], which offer high-quality resonances and sensing abilities [3,4,5]
To measure the spectral resonance properties of the energy-harvesting metamaterial sensor, a horn antenna was connected to the signal generator to generate an incident electromagnetic wave and the metamaterial sensor was placed at a distance of 10 cm from the horn antenna
Spectral output voltages and resonance properties [36,37,38] of the proposed metamaterial sensor were measured for different frequencies of the incident wave ranging from 1.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz and all of the measurement system was surrounded by anechoic materials
Summary
Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures that show exotic electromagnetic properties including strong field enhancement and localization of the incident waves [1,2], which offer high-quality resonances and sensing abilities [3,4,5] With these advantages, metamaterial-based sensor systems have attracted considerable attention for highly sensitive and nondestructive detection applications such as temperature [6], food quality [7,8,9], humidity [10], chemical [11,12,13,14,15,16], and biological sensor systems [17,18,19,20,21]. By plotting the variation of the energy harvested from the specific incident waves, the change in the surrounding environment owing to the change in the concentration or species of chemical substances can be analyzed
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