WINTER WHEAT SELECTION IN CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

Abstract

Research results, which were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region in the years 2000-2016, are presented. They were carried out in order to find new approaches to the selection of parental components in hybridization to make varieties of winter soft wheat with a high level of productivity, resistant to abiotic environmental factors. Agrotechnology - generally accepted in the region, research material- is the crop structure data of variety samples and hybrids from breeding nurseries. The experiments were conducted according to generally accepted methods, statistical analysis of data was carried out using the Statistica 6.1. The contingency was estimated by the Spearman coefficient, the contribution of factor signs to the resultant one was estimated by the method of multiple regression using the coefficient Beta (β). It is established that hybrids of winter wheat are characterized by higher polymorphism, the appearance of favorable transgressions. Their parental forms are selected by morphological and biological features according to the principle of different quality. When selecting high-yielding varieties which are resistant to lodging, it is advisable to make crossing, contrasting in height, forms with different spike lengths. Using the proposed methods, hybrids which are responsive to environmental conditions were made. They were used in the selection of the intensive winter wheat cultivar Alaya Zarya (since 2011 it's included in the State Register of Selective Breeding Results of the Russian Federation in the fifth region). In a number of hybrids, the contribution to the productivity of their elements practically does not depend on the conditions of the growing season, they are the basis for making the Alexia variety for organic farming (it is in State Commission of the Russian Federation on Testing and Protection of Selective Breeding Results).