Abstract
The abatement potential of wind technologies on ships is estimated to be around 10–60% by various sources. To date there has been minimal uptake of this promising technology, despite a number of commercially available solutions that have been developed to harness this free and abundant energy source. Several barriers have been referred to in the literature that inhibit uptake of energy efficiency measures in shipping. This paper provides a systematic analysis of the viability of wind technology on ships and the barriers to their implementation, both from the perspective of the technology providers and technology users (ship owner–operators), using the survey and the deliberative workshop method. The data generated from these methods is analysed using the qualitative content analysis method. The results show that whilst there is renewed interest in wind power, there are several common economic barriers that are hindering the mass uptake of wind technologies. Our analysis shows that third party capital is a plausible solution to overcoming the cost of capital, split incentives and information barriers that have contributed to inhibiting the uptake of wind technology in the shipping industry.
Highlights
The shipping industry is commonly cited as the most energy efficient mode of transport, but this will be a challenge in the future as its current contribution is expected to increase to around 20–25% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions by 2050 due to growth in international trade and other industry sector decarbonisation [1]
This paper evaluates the barriers to the uptake of wind technology in shipping from an economic perspective, and provides a solution to overcome some of these barriers, given the lack of existing policies to address them
This paper contains a review of the economic barriers, namely the market and non-market failures, in order to understand the implementation barriers to wind technologies in the shipping sector
Summary
The shipping industry is commonly cited as the most energy efficient mode of transport, but this will be a challenge in the future as its current contribution (around 3% of global CO2 emissions) is expected to increase to around 20–25% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions by 2050 due to growth in international trade and other industry sector decarbonisation [1]. The graph shows that in many instances there is a good alignment between the windier sea areas and the areas where there is significant shipping activity (for example, North Pacific, North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean) This implies that at least for these two example ship types and sizes, if a ship operated a sequence of voyages over a year that mirrored the aggregate average activity in different sea regions shown, there is a good probability of experiencing higher than average wind speeds and a good level of utilisation (fuel cost savings) from wind assistance technology.
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