Abstract
PPR remains a major challenge to smallholder farmers in Mali. To understand the drivers of low adoption of vaccination by farmers, we analyzed the socio-economic factors influencing farmer WTV during and in the absence of vaccination campaigns. Given that the costs associated with vaccination are largely borne by farmers, we assessed factors that associated with farmer willingness to pay (WTP) more than the current price (150 XOF per dose) by considering two attributes of improvement of the vaccines empirically highlighted as potential leverage points for intervention: access of farmers to vaccines (reducing the distance to the vaccine) and availability of information about the quality of the vaccine (introducing a vaccine viability detector). Data were collected in Mopti and Sikasso regions from 304 producers. Overall (n = 304), 89 percent of respondents vaccinated their herds during official vaccination campaigns. They are associated with receiving information on the campaign calendar more quickly if information is relayed at places of worship and if they have an awareness of the benefits of vaccination, including the protection of third parties. Only 39 percent of respondents vaccinate outside vaccination campaigns. They are positively linked to the credibility of private veterinarians and a recognition of the vital importance of vaccines but are negatively associated with ignorance of vaccination needs and concern about vaccine side-effects. Both distance-effects and quality-tracker effects are associated with farmer willingness to pay more than the current vaccine prices. Farmers practicing semi-intensive production systems are willing to pay 20 percent more than the current vaccine prices, as are users who believe in the beneficial effects of vaccination, users who consider the prices of vaccines as fair, and those who believe that some vaccines are more important than others. Factors that discourage producers from vaccinating or from paying more for vaccination would be more effectively managed with better communication on vaccine benefits through targeted information dissemination campaigns by Malian authorities. Greater price transparency throughout the vaccine production and deployment chain is critical, while timely availability of vaccine tested for viability would increase the willingness to vaccinate while improving access.
Highlights
AND BACKGROUNDLivestock plays a critical role in Mali’s economy
While 44% of them are not aware that vaccinating their herds can protect those of others, 29% thought that vaccination is required only during outbreaks, and 24% believed that vaccination serves to fatten animals
Factors Associated With the willingness to vaccinate (WTV) During Vaccination Campaigns WTV during vaccination campaigns was found to be significantly associated with the availability, access and attributes of information provided about the vaccination campaigns (Table 3)
Summary
Livestock plays a critical role in Mali’s economy. It represents 25% of the GDP of the primary sector and 11% of the national GDP. Livestock farming is the main source of income for over 30% of the population [1]. At least 85% of rural households own domestic ruminants, with small ruminants (SR) representing a significant part of the livestock sector having ∼40 million heads in 2016 [2]. SR keeping provides readily available cash in the face of family needs, a source of livelihoods, medium-term assets, protein for daily meals, and socio-cultural functions. The multifunctional role of SR is threatened by the high burden of diseases, such as Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
