Abstract
Wildfires occur in different climatic zones, forest cover types and eras. Wildfire or forest fire has always shaped the landscape. Different methodologies and indexes have emerged to determine the likelihood of wildfire, commonly confused with the wildfire hazard. However, none of these are universal or portable. In this paper, we have gone through several articles, projects and books. The aim was to identify factors related to the ignition of a wildfire. Consequently, 28 factors were presented and categorized into climatic, topographic, in-situ, historical and anthropogenic factors. It is the first step in building a generalized, acceptable and portable method to determine the wildfire risk. Its creation is strongly related to the prevention and better assessment of this phenomenon.
Highlights
The first thought that might cross our minds when talking about a wildfire is the image of destruction, pain and suffering
In the United States, wildland fire defines “any non-structure fire that occurs in the wildland and includes wildfire, wildland fire use, and prescribed fire” [7]
Forest fire is “any wildfire or prescribed fire that is burning in forested areas, grass, or alpine/tundra vegetation”, while wildfire means
Summary
The first thought that might cross our minds when talking about a wildfire is the image of destruction, pain and suffering. Wildfire risk is divided into two components: Likelihood, which is the probability of ignition or burning, and hazard, including intensity and effects—which can be positive or negative [17,18,19] This definition did not emerge until 2005, where a conference was held in Portland, USA, which highlighted the substantial interest in the wildfire science community to standardize and operationalize definitions such as risk, hazard, and fire danger. While developed countries spend billions each year in order to reduce the impact of forest fires, the creation of a wildfire likelihood map may be a critical tool to predict, prevent and better assess the areas with the highest exposure to wildfire. It is important to note that only the ignition factors, defining the probability of ignition or burning, are required—not the initial and the free propagation factors which are defined as the second and third phases in a wildfire, respectively
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