Abstract
The antioxidant and restoration potentials of hepatic injury by Prunus nepalensis Ser. (Steud), a wild fruit plant from the Northeastern region of India, were investigated. The fruit extract (PNME) exhibited excellent antioxidant and reducing properties and also scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (IC50 = 30.92 ± 0.40 μg/ml). PNME demonstrated promising scavenging potency, as assessed by the scavenging of different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Moreover, the extract revealed an exceptional iron chelation capacity with an IC50 of 25.64 ± 0.60 μg/ml. The extract induced significant improvement of hepatic injury and liver fibrosis against iron overload induced hepatotoxicity in mice in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was supported by different histopathological studies. The phytochemical constitutions and their identification by HPLC confirmed the presence of purpurin, tannic acid, methyl gallate, reserpine, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, catechin and rutin. The identified compounds were investigated for their individual radical scavenging and iron chelation activity; some compounds exhibited excellent radical scavenging and iron chelation properties, but most were toxic towards normal cells (WI-38). On the other hand, crude PNME was found to be completely nontoxic to normal cells, suggesting its feasibility as a safe oral drug. The above study suggests that different phytochemicals in PNME contributed to its free radical scavenging and iron chelation activity; however, further studies are required to determine the pathway in which PNME acts to treat iron-overload diseases.
Highlights
Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), 2-deoxy2-ribose, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), 1,10-phenanthroline, 5,50-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), lipoic acid, ferrozine and bathophenanthrolinesulfonate disodium salt were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt
Antioxidants may act as iron chelating agents because many of them consist of a range of bidentate, tridentate and hexadentate ligands in which two, three, or six atoms, respectively, are able to coordinate with iron, forming octahedral complexes [27] followed by their excretion from the body
With the intention to investigate the fundamental principle of Amelioration of Hepatic Injury by Prunus nepalensis traditional usage of the fruits as medicine, biologically active phytocomponents present in the plant need to be well extracted with different solvents
Summary
An imbalance between the efficiency of body's antioxidant defense and the free radical generation system, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), eventually gives rise to oxidative stress These reactive species are mainly responsible for the primary initiation of oxidative damage to several important biological macro-molecules, like. The fruits of P. nepalensis are used as an astringent, the leaves are a diuretic agent and are used for edema [5] Several bioactive compounds, such as quercetin, quinic acid, rutin, scopoletin, naringenin, palmitoleic acid and many others, have been isolated from different species of Prunus available in China [6]. This study was performed to determine the phytochemical profile and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of 70% methanolic extract of P. nepalensis fruit (PNME) and in vivo amelioration of liver toxicity due to iron overload in Swiss albino mice
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