WILD: A workload-based learning model to predict dynamic delay of functional units

Abstract

Dynamic critical path analysis in modern processors is needed to reduce margins typically determined by the static timing analysis. Dynamic path analysis, however, is cost-prohibitive. In this paper, we propose WILD, a supervised learning model to predict dynamic delay of functional units (FUs) based on the input workload during execution. We measure the dynamic delay using switching activity generated through gate-level simulation of a post place-and-route design in TSMC 45nm process. We then look for ‘features’ in the input data that influence dynamic path sensitization. Using these features we apply a logistic regression (LR) method to construct a predictive model trained and tested using three datasets: random, Sobel filter and Gaussian filter. We classify dynamic delay into five distinct classes. For a given test input, WILD predicts the class of output dynamic delay. On average across several FUs, 98.0% of WILD predictions are consistent with gate-level simulation. Using WILD-directed dynamic frequency scaling can improve instruction-level performance by 13%–44% compared to the state-of-the-art instruction-level timing model.