Abstract
Abstract This entry describes the sociotechnical specificity of wikis and their application in domains of culture, knowledge, and learning. It begins by locating the wiki in the history of technological visions for collective cognition and continues by examining the material and social properties of wikis through a series of concepts: collective intelligence and crowdsourcing, openness and open collaboration. It examines some key tensions surrounding the properties of participation within open collaborative systems and points to empirical research within media and communications, education, and computer and information sciences. In doing so, it situates the ways in which wiki phenomena have been used to define ideological movements and fields of socioeconomic activity in the domains of science, culture, and politics.
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