Abstract
Summary form only given. With petascale systems becoming broadly available in high end computing, attention is now focused on the challenges associated with the next major performance milestone: exascale computing. Demand for computational capability grows unabated, with areas of national and commercial interest including global climate change, alternative energy sources, defense and medicine, as well as basic science. Past growth in the high end has relied on a combination of faster clock speeds and larger systems, but the clock speed benefits of Moore's Law have ended, and 200-cabinet petascale machines are near a practical limit. Future system designs will instead be constrained by power density and total system power demand, resulting in radically different architectures. The challenges associated with exascale computing will require broad research activities across computer science, including the development of new algorithms, programming models, system software and computer architecture.
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