Wielopoziomowe archiwa cyfrowe jako narzędzie zrównoważonego zarządzania zasobami cyfrowymi

Across Europe, countries are at different stages of dealing with digital archaeological archives and how those archives are dealt with is affected by differences in statutory requirements, legal ownership of archives and infrastructure. In England, there is no single national repository for archaeological archives and there is no legal requirement to deposit either physical or digital archives with public bodies, and deposition rates for digital remain low. The archaeological sector remains aware of the implications of producing ever-growing quantities of born-digital data, which interested parties are attempting to address. The current framework and situation regarding digital archiving in England, therefore, offers an interesting case study for how digital archiving is dealt with through the application of professional standards, rather than legislative requirements. This article aims to summarise the current situation regarding digital archaeological archives in England. Across the UK there has been a great deal of work and focus on archaeological archives, driven by two main factors: archaeological archives are curated by a network of regional and local museums and currently resources are shrinking in terms of storage capacity and archaeological curators. Repositories for physical archives can therefore be ill-prepared for the curation of digital archaeological archives, which can risk loss of archaeological digital data, and in 2017 this was recognised within the UK government's Mendoza Review. This article describes the current work to resolve these issues - including strengthening the planning process, providing standards and guidance for data creators and repositories.

Many digital collections of cultural heritage resources, commonly referred to as digital archives, have been developed in Japan. This paper covers the multiple facets of digital archiving for a comprehensive understanding of Japanese activities and issues learnt since the 1990s, starting from the development of digital archives and related activities. It then discusses some issues for sustainable development of digital archives: social, usability, technological and longevity. As building and maintaining digital archives is expensive, it is important to demonstrate their value to ensure their sustainability. Continuous effort must be made to build really usable digital archives, and to develop appropriate measures to evaluate usability. Such effort must include human resource development and community networking.

With the development of Internet, digital libraries/museums have received worldwide attention and many developed countries are doing extensive researches on digital libraries/museums. In Taiwan, many institutions have digitized their collections. In addition, major research projects such as Digital Museum Project, Digital Archive Program, Digital Local Document Program, and CMNet are either in progress or about to begin. To digitize resources and present them on the WWW is the first priority; nevertheless, it is more important to organize these resources based on their characteristics, so users may retrieve and use them effectively. In digital library/museum systems, metadata plays a crucial role: its formulation has to begin with understanding the user demands and object characteristics, and standardization is essential for * The work is partially supported by National Science Council under grant NSC 89-2750-P-002-012.

Increased use of forest resources to meet increasing world demand for wood and other forest products threatens forest sustainability and highlights the importance of conservation and sustainable management of these resources. Maintaining well-adapted and productive forests, and conserving natural forest genetic resources are important for sustainable forest management. Over exploitation of species can lead to excessive forest fragmentation and reduction of population sizes to a point that threatens population viability and species existence. In many cases, restoration of genetic resources of threatened species is needed. Molecular genetic markers, combined with population genetic principles and concepts, can greatly facilitate programs in conservation, restoration and sustainable management of forest genetic resources. We have used various biochemical and molecular genetic markers, such as allozymes, microsatellite DNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-tagged site markers, to examine effects of alternative silvicultural harvesting and regeneration systems, and forest fragmentation and small population size on genetic diversity, fine-scale population genetic structure, mating system and other population genetic parameters in white spruce (Picea glauca), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), and red spruce (Picea rubens). The objectives of our studies are to provide genetic benchmarks and indicators for developing guidelines for genetically sustainable forest management practices and scientifically sound strategies for conservation and restoration of forest genetic resources. The results of these studies are discussed, particularly in the context of sustainable management, conservation and restoration of forest genetic resources.

PurposeThis paper seeks to assess the differences between learning performance and the satisfaction of learners who use digital resources in the Taiwan Libraries' History Digital Library (organized digital resources) and the Google search engine (unorganized digital resources) in problem‐solving learning for the same subject via the problem‐based learning (PBL) mode. The paper aims to explore the advantages and characteristics of using digital archives to support PBL and to offer suggestions that are helpful when using digital archives to support e‐learning.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the quasi‐experimental design method to assign all participants into an experimental group and control group to evaluate differences in learning performance and the satisfaction of learners who use different digital resources during PBL processes. A statistical analysis scheme was employed to evaluate the learning performance of learners during PBL supported by different digital resources in terms of learning processes, PBL outcomes, and a questionnaire.FindingsThe study obtained the following conclusions: learning performance and the satisfaction of learners in the experimental group during PBL processes supported by digital archival resources were superior to those of control‐group learners who were supported by search engine resources; compared with search engine resources, the digital archival resources provide benefits in the learning phase, such as “action” (i.e. doing), in the proposed PBL mode, which has three learning phases; and compared with resources accessed through the Google search engine, PBL supported by digital archival resources should enhance searching performance and thereby increase learner willingness to use digital archives during e‐learning.Practical implicationsUsing digital archives to support e‐learning is a new trend in the library sciences field; however, few studies have developed useful learning modes for effective e‐learning supported by digital archives. Evidential research related to e‐learning supported by digital archives is also lacking; most studies used digital archives as digital course materials, thus ignoring the principal property of digital archives – excellent resource organization.Originality/valueThe paper shows that by integrating the PBL mode with digital archives one can identify the advantages of digital archives in supporting e‐learning, resulting in innovative and valuable research.

The article is devoted to the problematization and clarification of the term "digital archive", the analysis of priority areas in the research of digital archives and the issues of systematization of disparate sources in the digital space. As a result of the digital revolution and the general growth of interest in the preservation of historical heritage, new ways of processing and storing information have become widespread. Not only archives and libraries, but also scientific and educational organizations, specialists from various fields, as well as ordinary people have joined the creation and popularization of digital archives. In this context, archivists and historians were not so much interested in the definition of "digital archive", which is important for theoretical understanding, as in the specifics of working with electronic documents, ensuring their safety and use, the problems of finding approaches to the study of initially digital sources, the preservation and popularization of archival heritage in a digital environment. At the same time, many researchers (besides archivists and historians, anthropologists, folklorists, geographers, cultural scientists, historians of science, etc.) have started developing databases on topics that are close to them, which even colleagues from the same or related disciplines do not always know about. The current definitions of the term "digital archive" seem too general and vague. As a result, digital archives generally include all stored digital objects of some significance, any electronic documents, and even in the broadest sense, a social network or the entire Internet. On the other hand, the general, at first glance, definition of a digital archive as digitized collections of documents ignores initially digital documents. Taking into account the accumulated research experience, based on the analysis of the existing historiography on the problem and the identified gaps in understanding digital archives, the authors propose in the article to clarify the definition of the concept of "digital archive", drawing attention to several important circumstances: first, the need to cover both digitized and initially digital documents with this concept.; Secondly, the fact that digital documents undergo a selection procedure before becoming part of a digital archive (there will be no raw funds or random documents); thirdly, the feature of a digital archive is the presentation of documents in a systematic form. Of course, in creating a digital archive, an important role is played by the point of view when selecting documents and how they are systematized, and this is always subjective, which can both impose restrictions on their use and open up additional opportunities. The authors formulate the definition of a "digital archive" as a set of digitized or digitally created documents selected for storage and presented in a systematic way. One of the possible solutions to the problem of the fragmentation of digital sources (both digitized and initially digital) is the creation and publicly available publication of a consolidated catalog of digital archives, which is being developed by a team of authors at the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Bckground of the study: Digital curation activities are necessary for organizing digital archives to be accessible to the present and future. The problem in this research is that information and library management (MIP) students who have previously received records management (MRA) courses through digital curation have not fully implemented digital curation in managing digital archives.Purpose: This study aims to find out how MIP students curate digital archives of their photos and documents on the smartphone.Method: The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach and technique. Data used in interviews with five MIP students as informants.Findings: The results show that information in conducting digital curation activities such as digital object evaluation and discussion, life cycle and digital object management on an ongoing basis, and keeping them accessible, each individual has a unique and different way.Conclusion: Factor needs, memories, and usefulness of digital archive become a more determining factor in students in digital curation.

The current state of digital archives in Ukraine, which are platforms of digital (electronic) content that provide access to various digital archival resources in the global information space and support the global concept of digitization of the most valuable archival heritage. Emphasis is placed on the priority tasks for all archival institutions, which demonstrates the main, modern direction of the policy of archival development in Ukraine, which corresponds to modern trends. The basic features of the digital archive are determined. Emphasis is placed on foreign and domestic specialists who highlight the main tasks and approaches to the digitization of archival resources. The main functions of digital (electronic) archive and its types are analyzed, the basic characteristics of grouping of archival electronic information resources in the process of their source study are presented. The focus is on projects that are already operating in the information space and successfully provide access to their digital resources, namely digitized documents, photographs, audio, video, materials. Emphasis was placed on the need for cooperation of specialists in the digitization of archival materials and the creation of a single platform for the presentation of digital archival resources in a convenient version for users of archival information.

The management of natural resources has become a crucial agenda item at the community level of every country, due to the importance of a community’s direct involvement in the stewardship of these resources. The sustainable management of natural resources is not easy without the involvement of the community. To know the attitudes of residents in the communities in close proximity to Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) towards natural resource sustainable management policy, a study of CKNP in northern Pakistan was conducted. This is the first community study for this park. It is difficult to overstate the economic and geographic importance of this national resource to the Pakistani people at local and national levels, as well as at the international level. This is the world’s highest public park; as a natural resource it is not only important to the local community, it also has great relevance internationally. The study attempted to gauge the attitudes of the local community towards the sustainable management practices of CKNP. The results of this study showed generally positive attitudes towards the park. The majority of respondents revealed that the park’s primary appeal is its geographic location. Households were afraid that pollution in the park will gradually destroy the park’s natural resources. For sustainable management of the CKNP, community members expressed willingness to contribute to the betterment of park through volunteerism. Community members praised the government’s supportive actions, including budgetary support and public-awareness campaigns. As such, the positive attitude of the community towards the CKNP also revealed new insights for the community-centered sustainable management of natural resources in developing countries. This study also provides a research gap for future work relating to the sustainable management of community-based natural resources to consider more factors beside the factors used in this study.

The ecosystem approach—as endorsed by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB) in 2000—is a strategy for holistic, sustainable, and equitable natural resource management, to be implemented via the 12 Malawi Principles. These principles describe the need to manage nature in terms of dynamic ecosystems, while fully engaging with local peoples. It is an ambitious concept. Today, the term is common throughout the research and policy literature on environmental management. However, multiple meanings have been attached to the term, resulting in confusion. We reviewed references to the ecosystem approach from 1957 to 2012 and identified 3 primary uses: as an alternative to ecosystem management or ecosystem-based management; in reference to an integrated and equitable approach to resource management as per the CBD; and as a term signifying a focus on understanding and valuing ecosystem services. Although uses of this term and its variants may overlap in meaning, typically, they do not entirely reflect the ethos of the ecosystem approach as defined by the CBD. For example, there is presently an increasing emphasis on ecosystem services, but focusing on these alone does not promote decentralization of management or use of all forms of knowledge, both of which are integral to the CBD’s concept. We highlight that the Malawi Principles are at risk of being forgotten. To better understand these principles, more effort to implement them is required. Such efforts should be evaluated, ideally with comparative approaches, before allowing the CBD’s concept of holistic and socially engaged management to be abandoned or superseded. It is possible that attempts to implement all 12 principles together will face many challenges, but they may also offer a unique way to promote holistic and equitable governance of natural resources. Therefore, we believe that the CBD’s concept of the ecosystem approach demands more attention.La Necesidad de Desenredar Conceptos Clave del Argot Ambiente-EstrategiaResumenLa estrategia ambiental – como es promocionada por la Convención Biológica sobre Diversidad en 2000 – es una estrategia para un manejo holístico, sustentable y equitativo de recursos naturales, que habrá de implementarse por vía de los 12 Principios de Malawi. Estos principios describen la necesidad de manejar la naturaleza en términos de ecosistemas dinámicos, mientras se compromete totalmente con las personas locales. Es un concepto ambicioso. Hoy en día, el término es común en la investigación y la literatura de políticas sobre el manejo ambiente. Sin embargo, se han relacionado múltiples significados con el término, lo que resulta en confusión. Revisamos referencias a la estrategia ambiental de 1957 a 2012 e identificamos tres usos principales: como una alternativa para manejo ambiental o basado en ecosistemas; en referencia a una estrategia integrada y equitativa para el manejo de recursos según la CBD; y como un término que indica un enfoque en el entendimiento y la valuación de los servicios ambientales. Aunque los usos de este término y sus variantes pueden traslaparse en su significado, típicamente no reflejan en su totalidad los valores de la estrategia ambiental como fue definida por la CBD. Por ejemplo, actualmente hay un énfasis creciente en los servicios ambientales, pero enfocarse solamente en estos no promueve la descentralización del manejo o el uso de todas las formas de conocimiento, siendo ambas integrales para el concepto de la CBD. Resaltamos que los Principios de Malawi están en riesgo de ser olvidados. Para entender mejor estos principios, se requiere de más esfuerzo para implementarlos. Dichos esfuerzos deben ser evaluados, idóneamente con estrategias comparativas, antes de permitir que el concepto de la CBD de manejo holístico y comprometido socialmente sea abandonado o reemplazado. Es posible que los intentos por implementar los 12 principios juntos enfrentarán muchos obstáculos, pero también pueden ofrecer una forma única de promover el gobierno holístico y equitativo de los recursos naturales. Así, creemos que el concepto de estrategia ambiental de la CBD exige mayor atención.

According to IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development) “sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’’. However, many organizations focus on short-term profits while the contribution of human resource management towards sustainable development is pushed to the margins. Intensive labour practices, poor working conditions and poor work systems in Kenya are some of the issues that have been found not to contribute towards sustainability in organizations and in keeping with the 8th sustainable development goal of Promoting “sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”. Lack of focus on sustainable human resource management practices will make it difficult for Kenya to achieve Vision 2030 as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-goals). Sustainable Human Resource management focuses on managing the people resources in an organization so as to achieve long-term sustainable goals that not only benefit the organization but also the society and the environment at large. This Paper is a literature review and analysis on sustainable Human Resource Management and its benefits to the employees, their families and society at large by exploring sustainable HR practices, sustainable work systems and sustainable resource management that also provide for the sustainable performance of organizations in keeping with the need for corporate sustainability. The paper also explores reporting on sustainable HRM practices as part of corporate sustainability reporting in Nairobi Securities Exchange-listed firms

Approaches to address unsustainable ways of societal development constantly proliferate, but total consumption of resources and aggregate environmental impacts continue rising. This could partially be explained by weak attempts to develop comprehensive sustainability strategies that address the entire life cycle of products and especially resource extraction and use phases. This paper seeks to explore to what extent these life cycle stages and associated impacts are taken into account when various actors employ life cycle thinking and how these concerns can be better attended to in policy‐making, business strategies and lifestyle choices. To accomplish this, we evaluate the efforts of the main stakeholders in reaching sustainable consumption and sustainable resource management, and impediments to further progress, and study whether and how deficits in these phases coincide and can potentially contribute to more holistic practical realization of life cycle thinking. We demonstrate that new approaches are needed to be able to tackle the international dimension of production and consumption. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

This essay extensively explores the multifaceted challenges and complexities associated with preserving digital cultural heritage, using the BBC Domesday Project as a case study. It underscores the critical importance of meticulous planning, future-proofing, and proactive strategies in digital archival endeavors. Emphasizing the significance of adopting open standards and establishing clear data ownership provisions, the essay aims to mitigate risks of obsolescence and safeguard digital cultural heritage for future generations. Furthermore, it addresses the concept of obsolescence in digital preservation and proposes strategic recommendations to prevent potential catastrophic issues, ensuring sustained access and relevance over time. In addition, the document delves into the criteria for selecting materials for digitization, highlighting the importance of metadata infrastructure in digital archiving. It discusses the challenges associated with constructing digital cultural repositories and emphasizes the necessity of balancing various priorities, including cultural significance, rarity, fragility, research potential, accessibility, user-friendliness, and institutional objectives during the selection process. Moreover, the essay underscores the pivotal role of metadata in ensuring the longevity and accessibility of digital resources and archives. Overall, this essay serves as a comprehensive guide for cultural heritage institutions, offering valuable insights and recommendations for the preservation and interpretation of digital heritage objects.

As one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, Bangladesh is dependent on its agricultural, manufacturing, and energy sectors. Fertile land driving agricultural growth, rapid population growth, low labor cost, and burgeoning local consumption are some of the key factors that are pushing for rapid industrialization in the country. The deeply embedded inertia of the economy to move away from the business as usual scenario is driving more pollution and exhaustion of scarce resources. To act on these challenges necessitates measuring the environmental impact of these economically productive activities. As such, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a globally well-recognized method for evaluating the environmental burden of any product, process, and/or industry. It enables us to discern the hotspots of the environmental impact along the value chain. This chapter presents an in-depth and methodical review of all the LCA studies published to date on the economically and environmentally significant sectors (i.e., agricultural, manufacturing, and energy) of Bangladesh to capture the typology and magnitude of the major environmental impacts caused by these sectors. Subsequently, it presents a comparative picture of all the key environmental impacts caused by these industries/sectors and accordingly attempts to identify the hotspots of harmful anthropogenic activities leading to major environmental degradation in Bangladesh. The investigation unearths several trends in these three sectors. Intensification of agricultural production and its dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides are the main causes of exorbitant nitrogen and phosphorus discharge, resulting in eutrophication, biomass devastation, and soil health deterioration. The manufacturing sector is responsible for ecotoxicity, metal depletion, freshwater eutrophication as well as freshwater ecotoxicity. In the energy sector, natural gas power plants were found to be half as harmful as the petroleum and heavy fuel oil-based power plants. The most harmful stage of the power plants’ life cycle is the operational phase where combustion takes place. Among energy technologies using renewable sources, small scale biogas plants were found less polluting than firewood or kerosene-powered stoves and diesel generators. Apart from these, textile and leather tanning industries of Bangladesh were identified for causing significant GHG emissions, acidification, and contamination of the aquatic ecosystem. The recommendations provided in this chapter would guide policy retrofitting for these sectors to ensure sustainable management of natural resources and the environment; therefore, initiating a shift toward responsible production and consumption. This chapter also outlines the knowledge gaps associated with LCA studies relating to these vital sectors of Bangladesh and suggest future research directions for filling those gaps.KeywordsLife cycle assessmentEnvironmental degradationIndustrial pollutionSustainabilityIndustrial ecologyCircular economyEnvironmental management

The transformation of sustainable management and governance for a natural resource can be organized as social learning involving all types of social workers like experts, political leaders, scientist, and local actors and their corresponding scientific and nonscientific knowledge require all new spaces of communicative share sustainable natural resource make novel demand on governance arrangement governance make some principle for diverse contexts and they are availability for sustainable natural resource. The principle can be directly used to design government institutions that are legitimate and transparent, inclusive and fair. The main areas highlight a natural resource that ensures sustainable development. Perspective on the rules and perspectives of our society to promote sustainable development and Environmental Protection. The environmental impact of the assessment system planes with human activities and preventing damage to the environment. This paper analysis of analyzes the sustainable management and governance of natural resources. It provides raw materials and space for social production but serves the needs of human life. It recognizes in that people and their livelihoods rely on the health production of our landscape and play critical roles in maintaining their wealth and productivity. For improving natural resources, securing rights, and sharing power and responsibility for understanding, accessing, and improving natural resource governments including all sharing power and responsibilities. To understand accessing improving natural resources government the realize that values and conserve nature. The extent to which the sustainable management of natural resources is being achieved Looking at human management and environment, land use, population, and waste management resource efficiency.