Abstract
In this work, a compact, light-weight, low-cost, and easy install and incorporate mmwave printed square loop antenna with a perturbed ground plane is proposed. The antenna is fabricated on an ultra-thin 0.254 mm Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The antenna resonates between 26 GHz and 40 GHz providing the broad bandwidth of 13 GHz ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 47$ </tex-math></inline-formula> %). First, a single element consisting of three rectangular square loops and a transmission line with total dimensions of 9 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times11$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.84\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 1\,\,\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) is designed. The loop elements are arranged on top of each other and with the further insertion of square slot in ground plane, wideband resonance response has been achieved. The antenna demonstrates gain of more than 3.3 dBi, and radiation and a total efficiency of 98% at 28 GHz. The proposed design enables spatial diversity and minimize the effects of interference between adjacent channels by providing dual-beam within desired frequency band. In addition, a linear array ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18.5\times22.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) of four elements with a traditional feeding network is also designed, simulated, and measured. The gain of the array is 10.1 dBi, while the radiation and the total efficiency is more than 92 % at 28 GHz. A brief literature review and comparison of this work with other published works is also presented. To validate the proposed design and concept, a prototype is fabricated for both, a single element, and an array. It is found that the measured results and the computed results are in good agreement. Therefore, we believe that this system will find its applications within modern mmwave communication cellular devices.
Highlights
As the world progress in communication technology, 5G is standardized throughout the globe for low latency, higher capacity of a number of users and giga-bits communication
The antenna resonates between 26 GHz and 40 GHz providing the broad bandwidth of 13 GHz (~47%)
Figure. 10 illustrates simulated and the measured gain which is more than 10 dBi at 28 GHz, and the radiation and the total efficiency is found to be more than 90%
Summary
As the world progress in communication technology, 5G is standardized throughout the globe for low latency, higher capacity of a number of users and giga-bits communication. In [6] a sixteen element SIW is proposed covering frequency from 35.7 to 38GHz (4.4%) with maximum peak gain of approximately 18dBi. in [7] a high bandwidth antenna array is presented with a complex structure. A 9-element phased array is reported in [11], which exhibits a gain of nearly 15 dBi. The structure is simple with a small size of 400 mm, but the offered bandwidth is very low. To address the aforementioned challenges and fill the gap at the system level, we propose a simple, low-cost, light-weight, and easy to fabricate and integrate the solution This is the motivation behind this work. The main contribution of the presented system is wider bandwidth (13 GHz), high gain (10.1 dBi) and efficiency (98%), and dual beam characteristics within the mmwave (27 GHz to 40 GHz) frequency band. Antenna design, working principle, and key performance parameters are discussed in detail
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