Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a white rot fungus naturally isolated from hardwoods and widely used in environmental pollution control because it produces extracellular peroxidases. It forms chlamydospores during nitrogen starvation, which naturally occurs in the habitat of P. chrysosporium. Chlamydospores protect fungi against many stresses; the molecular basis underlying chlamydospore formation in basidiomycetes is poorly explored. Chlamydospores in P. chrysosporium have a different cell wall compared with hyphae, as confirmed by cell wall digestion and microscopy. Furthermore, this study investigated the transcriptome of P. chrysosporium in different life stages, including conidium, hypha, and chlamydospore formation, through RNA sequencing. A total of 2215 differentially expressed genes were identified during these processes. The expression patterns of genes involved in several molecular events critical for chlamydospore formation, including starch and sucrose metabolism, phosphatase and kinase, and transcription factors, were determined. This study serves as a basis for further investigating the function of chlamydospore formation in the biotechnologically relevant fungus P. chrysosporium.
Highlights
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a typical representative of white rot fungi belonging to Phanerochaetaceae under Polyporales, Agaricomycetidae, and Basidiomycota
After the samples were stained with calcofluor white, laser confocal scanning microscopy revealed that the fluorescence intensities of the cell wall of the chlamydospores (Figure 2D) were stronger than those of the cell wall of the hyphae (Figure 2C)
Research found that the cell wall of Aspergillus flavus chlamydospores could stain calcofluor white, which demonstrated that chlamydospore cell walls are thicker than normal hyphal cell walls (Spraker et al, 2016)
Summary
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a typical representative of white rot fungi belonging to Phanerochaetaceae under Polyporales, Agaricomycetidae, and Basidiomycota. This fungus has been extensively studied and used in environmental pollution control because of its ability to degrade a wide variety of non-phenolic and phenolic compounds by producing ligninolytic enzymes (Gao et al, 2010). Chlamydospores are morphological structures observed in fungi with enlarged, thick-walled vegetative cells and a condensed cytoplasm; this structure forms in the middle or top of the hyphae and can Transcriptome Analysis for Chlamydospore Formation be used as a morphological identification of many fungal species (Barran et al, 1977; Ohara and Tsuge, 2004; Spraker et al, 2016). Environmental cues that trigger chlamydospore formation in fungi are usually species specific and include nutrients, osmolarity, light, pH, temperature, air, drug treatment, and plant stimulants
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