Abstract
The immediate occasion for the hostilities which broke out in 1375 between Florence and the church was the plundering activity of the English mercenary company under John Hawkwood. This ‘santa compagnia’, employed by the church during its struggle with the Visconti, was now without income and consequently moved into Tuscany, plundering and robbing. The costs of ransoming Florentine territory by a series of payments to Hawkwood were met by loans forced partly from the clergy of Florence and Fiesole.To carry out this task of collecting taxes from reluctant citizens and clergy, the government appointed a balia, or commission, of eight men.
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