Who Trusts Science?: The Relationship Between Free Will, Determinism, Personality Traits, and Trust in Science.

A positive birth experience for the mother is an important goal in obstetric health care and is influenced by several factors. For this study, 186 women filled in questionnaires between 24 and 72 hours after giving birth vaginally. We evaluated the Big-Five personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness), trait anxiety, different dimensions of childbirth experience and pain management. Correlation analysis revealed that trait anxiety and neuroticism were negatively associated with several dimensions of the birth experience. Furthermore, conscientiousness and extraversion were positively correlated with the dimension Participation. Regression analysis for the individual dimensions and overall score respectively, confirmed the independent impact of anxiety trait on Perceived Safety, Participation and Professional Support and the overall score as well as of neuroticism on Perceived Safety and conscientiousness on Participation. The significant regression models showed small R2-scores (.084–.154). The birth experience did not differ whether the women received an epidural or not. Women who did not receive an epidural displayed higher scores on the personality trait conscientiousness. The study highlights small but important associations between personality traits and birth experience in vaginal births which should sensitize the medical staff when supporting women during labor.

Personality traits should be taken into account when diagnosing individuals with disordered eating behaviors in the hope of better understanding their etiology and symptom progression and when planning treatment. The objective of this study was to attempt to determine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationships between personality traits included in the Big Five model among Polish women and estimated risk of eating disorders. The study was conducted among 556 Polish women from Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The average age of the women under study was 34 years. A diagnostic survey was used as the research method, and the empirical data were collected using the following research tools: The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), ORTO - 15 Questionnaire, The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-13), and the authors' original questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of selected independent variables. The assumptions for the linear regression model were satisfied, as indicated by the Ramsey Regression Equation Specification Error Test, White's test, and the Jarque-Bera test. Only the personality trait of neuroticism exhibits a statistically significant effect on the "Cognitive Restraint of Eating," "Uncontrolled Eating," and "Emotional Eating" scores (p < 0.001). The moderation effect was demonstrated between self-esteem and the personality trait of conscientiousness on the "Cognitive Restraint of Eating" scale score. There is a moderation effect between self-esteem and the personality trait of extraversion on the "Uncontrolled Eating" subscale score. There is a moderation effect between self-esteem and the personality trait of conscientiousness on the "Uncontrolled Eating" scale score. Self-esteem was not a predictor of the occurrence of risk of eating disorders while playing a moderating role in the relationship between certain personality traits and estimated risk of eating disorders. A higher level of neuroticism was identified as an important predictor of higher results for orthorexia, Cognitive Restraint of Eating, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating. It was also demonstrated that the orthorexia risk index decreased with increased extraversion and openness to experience. The results of this study suggest that eating behaviors and psychological factors should be included in psychological interventions in the treatment of eating disorders. The clinical goal can be considered to be an improvement in non-normative eating behaviors, such as a reduction in overeating episodes or eating less frequently in the absence of a hunger feeling. In order to assist these individuals in their attempts to achieve healthy behaviors, variables related to mental functioning can be then identified as important goals to support individuals in their efforts to change health behaviors by achieving better mental well-being.

PurposeThis study sought to investigate the associations between personality traits and medication adherence and to identify predictors of good medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 207 RA patients using disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were invited for an interview and questionnaire study. Medication adherence was measured using the Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR). Personality traits were analyzed with the five-factor model of the Korean version of the Big Five Inventory 10. Psychological factors were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and British Columbia Cognitive Inventory. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and functional disability were evaluated with the EuroQoL-5 dimension questionnaire and Health Assessment Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate predictors of good medication adherence.ResultsNonadherence to medication was reported by 66.7%. The number of daily prescribed pills was higher in the medication adherence group than in the nonadherence group. Concomitant oral glucocorticoid doses were associated with medication adherence. A high level of conscientiousness and diabetes mellitus comorbidity were associated with better medication adherence [odds ratio (OR), 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–4.38 and OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.12–8.07, respectively]. There were no significant differences in psychological factors or HRQoL between medication adherence and nonadherence groups.ConclusionThe personality trait of conscientiousness was associated with medication adherence among the five personality traits evaluated. Patients with diabetes mellitus also showed higher medication adherence than those without this comorbidity.

Students’ green information technology behavior: Beliefs and personality traits

Objective: To identify key predictors of Fear of Happiness (FOH) by examining 22 psychological and demographic variables in Turkish and American samples using machine learning. Methods: Random forest analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data from Turkish (N = 824) and American (N = 973) participants to estimate the relative importance of personality traits, attachment patterns, emotion regulation difficulties, existential beliefs, and demographic factors in predicting FOH. Results: Existential nihilism and difficulties in emotion regulation emerged as the strongest predictors of FOH in both cultures, followed by insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant) and perfectionism. Predictive performance was higher in the American sample. Culture-specific differences were observed, with neuroticism showing greater relative importance in the American sample and loneliness showing greater relative importance in the Turkish sample. Demographic variables (gender, age, and education) and ideological beliefs (religiosity and fatalism) showed minimal importance in both cultures. Conclusions: The findings indicate that psychological variables (particularly existential nihilism, emotion regulation difficulties, and attachment styles) are more strongly associated with FOH than demographic or ideological factors. These results contribute to a clearer understanding of FOH across cultures, provide data-driven insights, and inform the development of hypotheses for future research.

Relation between students’ personality traits and their preferred teaching methods: Students at the university of Ghana and the Huzhou Normal University

The planned downsizing in many organizations which are under the state ownership in Serbia produce a high level of uncertainty and a very specific organizational environment. Investigation of the satisfaction with work-related facets of the employees at the beginning of organizational changes is a very important step toward the building of an appropriate strategy for human resource management. We investigate the moderating effect of the variable 'supervisor support' on the correlations between variables 'Big Five personality traits of employees' and 'satisfaction with work-related facets'. Sample consists of 117 employees from a big state owned organization during an important organizational change. The following instruments are used: Big Five Locator - BFL, Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire - CSQ and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire - JS. Our results prove that the variable 'supervisor support' moderate the correlations between variable 'personality trait conscientiousness' and variables 'satisfaction with pay' and 'satisfaction with benefit'; the correlation between variable 'personality trait openness' and variable 'satisfaction with pay'; the correlations between variable 'personality trait negative affectivity' and variables 'satisfaction with pay', 'satisfaction with benefit', and 'satisfaction with recognition'.

IntroductionPersonality dimensions should be taken into account when diagnosing individuals with disordered eating behaviours in the hope of better understanding their etiology and symptom progression and when planning treatment.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to attempt to determine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationships between personality traits included in the Big Five model among Polish women and the occurrence of eating disorders.MethodsThe study was conducted among 556 Polish women from Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. A diagnostic survey was used as the research method, and the empirical data were collected using the following research tools: The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), ORTO – 15 Questionnaire, The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-13), and the authors’ original questionnaire.ResultsOnly the personality trait of neuroticism exhibits a statistically significant effect on the “Cognitive Restraint of Eating”, “Uncontrolled Eating”, and “Emotional Eating” scores (p<0.001). The moderation effect was demonstrated between self-esteem and the personality trait of conscientiousness on the “Cognitive Restraint of Eating” scale score. There is a moderation effect between self-esteem and the personality trait of extraversion on the “Uncontrolled Eating” subscale score. There is a moderation effect between self-esteem and the personality trait of conscientiousness on the “Uncontrolled Eating” scale score.Table 1. Analysis and the moderation effect between self-esteem and the personality trait of conscientiousness in the effect on the “Cognitive Restraint of Eating” subscale score.95% Confidence IntervalbLowerUpperZpC stens-0.150-0.220-0.080-4.214< 0.001Rsbrg-0.001-0.0220.020-0.0970.923C stens ٭ Rsbrg0.0100.0000.0192.0400.041Low (-1SD)-0.221-0.320-0.122-4.380< 0.001Average-0.150-0.220-0.080-4.200< 0.001High (+1SD)-0.079-0.1760.018-1.5900.111b – unstandardised regression coefficient, CI – confidence interval; ٭ moderation effect. Note. shows the effect of the predictor (conscientiousness) on the dependent variable (Cognitive Restraint of Eating) at different levels of the moderator (Rsbrg)ConclusionsSelf-esteem was not a predictor of the occurrence of eating disorders while playing a moderating role in the relationship between certain personality traits and the occurrence of eating disorders. A higher level of neuroticism was identified as an important predictor of higher results for orthorexia, Cognitive Restraint of Eating, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating. It was also demonstrated that the orthorexia risk index decreased with increased extraversion and openness to experience.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

BackgroundSleep quality and duration are shaped by a complex interplay of behavioral, psychological, and sociodemographic factors. This study aimed to examine the relationships between physical activity, perceived stress, mood, personality traits, and cognitive- emotional abilities in relation to adult sleep patterns.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,140 participants (27.1% men, 72.9% women; aged 18–64). Sleep parameters were assessed using items adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additional validated tools measured physical activity (IPAQ), perceived stress (PSS-10), mood (BRUMS), emotional intelligence (SSREIT), personality traits (BFI), moral decision-making, and cognitive reflection. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, two-way ANOVAs, and multi-step general linear modeling.ResultsWomen reported higher levels of perceived stress, fatigue, emotional intelligence, and empathetic decision-making, while men showed greater vigor, BMI, and leisure-time physical activity. No significant gender differences were found in sleep duration or latency, although men tended to go to bed later. Sleep outcomes were most strongly influenced by demographic factors, including age, gender, place of residence, education, and physical job demands. Psychological variables, including fatigue, anger, and vigor, also played a significant role. Additionally, personality traits like neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness, along with body mass index, perceived health, and leisure-time physical activity, were important predictors of sleep quality. Conversely, other expected psychosocial factors—such as happiness, perceived stress, sedentary behavior, emotional intelligence, depression, confusion, and work-related moderate to vigorous physical activity—were not found to be significant.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that sleep indicators are related to various sociodemographic factors, personality traits, overall health, mood profiles, and notably, physical activity during leisure time. However, we did not find any significant connections between sleep indicators and cognitive-emotional abilities, such as emotional intelligence, cognitive reflection, and empathy.Trial registration

Background: Job crafting, whereby nurses proactively shape their roles, is critical for well-being and performance amidst demanding workloads. This study investigates the understudied role of belief in free will (BFW) as an antecedent to job crafting among nurses, employing two distinct methodologies to ensure robust findings.Methods: Two studies were conducted with Chinese nurses. Study 1 (N = 274) used a cross-sectional design to examine the relation between BFW, as measured by the Free Will Scale, and job crafting, as assessed by the Measure of Job Crafting, controlling for Big Five personality traits via hierarchical regression analyses. Study 2 (N = 435) directly assessed BFW by classifying nurses as either free will or determinism believers using a philosophical prompt, and then compared job crafting scores via t-tests.Results: Both studies converged to demonstrate a positive association of BFW with overall job crafting and its three dimensions (task, cognitive, and relational crafting). In Study 1, BFW significantly predicted overall job crafting as well as task and cognitive crafting, even after controlling for Big Five personality traits. Consistently, in Study 2, free will believers reported significantly higher levels of overall job crafting and its three dimensions compared to determinism believers.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that nurses' BFW is positively associated with their job crafting, suggesting that interventions that foster a sense of agency and control may empower nurses to proactively shape their jobs and improve their well-being. Further research should examine the generalizability of these findings across diverse populations and explore the underlying mechanisms linking BFW to job crafting.

Fraud is an ever-growing problem for financial institutions in Nigeria, with criminals using a wide variety of methods. Unfortunately, employees were fingered in most of these fraudulent activities. Previous studies focused on contextual and organizational antecedents of motivating engagement in fraudulent practices and less on employees’ dispositional factors. This study examined the role of personality traits and ethical beliefs on fraudulent behaviour among bank employees. The study was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred and fifty-three (353) employees in the middle to junior level management cadre were selected through stratified sampling technique from banking organisations operating in the Ibadan metropolis. The respondents responded to a self-report questionnaire measuring fraudulent behaviour intention and red flags; personality traits and Ethical position questionnaire. Two hypotheses were tested using multiple regression, Pearson correlation analysis and ANOVA at p≤0.05. Results demonstrated that conscientiousness personality trait was the only predictor of fraud intent behaviour among the personality variables. Employees with Absolutist ethical principles reported lower fraud intent behaviour than those with subjectivist ethical philosophy. The study concludes that personality traits and ethical beliefs were powerful motivators for fraud behavior. Thus, fraud and HR experts were enjoined to utilize psychological profiles in fraud investigations and selection of employees.

The Antecedent Role of Proactive Personality in Career Self-Management Lulu Yu (bio), Weiqiao Fan (bio), Zhiwei Wang (bio), Xiaofang Wang (bio), and Chuan Yu (bio) After the implementation of the Chinese Higher Education Enrollment Policy in 1999, the Ministry of Chinese Education (2017) reported that the number of undergraduates had increased dramatically, up to nearly 8 million in 2018. Meanwhile, because of global competition, technological advances, and job insecurity, personal career development for these students has become more and more sophisticated and even beyond their understanding (Inkson, 2004). This may result in a series of adaptation problems for undergraduates in their career development, such as low awareness of the need to seek professional and career information and lack of career goals. Wang (2018) reported that only 49% of 2017 undergraduates were hired into jobs that matched their majors, only 67% were satisfied with their jobs, and around 33% left their positions within 6 months. A survey in 2010 showed that only 58% of employers were satisfied with the overall performance of those employees who had graduated from universities within the preceding 5 years (Department of Employment Promotion, 2011). Accordingly, it is of great importance to increase the level of career self-management among Chinese undergraduates so that they can improve their career development and adaptation. According to the career self-management model (Lent & Brown, 2013), two factors should be important predictors of undergraduates' career goals: personality traits and social cognitive variables. Personality traits are the relatively stable tendencies that coordinate behavioral performance and regulate emotions; these traits influence undergraduates' career exploration. Social cognitive variables include such attributes as sense of self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and career goal. Self-efficacy refers to the belief about one's own ability to manage and address specific tasks and unusual challenges, which is relevant in the process of career exploration and decision making. Outcome expectation involves the anticipated consequences of performing those behaviors that are seen as leading to a specific result. Career goal refers to an individual's career exploratory plans and intentions to perform a particular behavior in their career development. The career selfmanagement model has been empirically supported in the literature. For example, Lent et al. (2016) reported that the personality trait of conscientiousness has direct effects on career self-efficacy and goals and indirect effects on career outcome expectations. Proactive personality, a type of personality disposed toward proactive behavior, is regarded as having a relatively stable tendency to affect individuals' activities (Bateman & Crant, 1993). It is empirically supported to predict work performance, innovative behaviors, and job satisfaction (Zhang & Yang, 2017). A sample of international students showed that their proactive behaviors, particularly [End Page 351] information-seeking behaviors, were positively linked to their communication satisfaction with instructors and to their school-life satisfaction (Cho & Lee, 2016). The results from a sample of 180 full-time employees and their supervisors over 2 years indicated that proactive personality was related to career initiative, which in turn had a positive relationship to career progression (salary growth and the number of promotions during the previous 2 years) and career satisfaction (Seibert et al., 2001). Some researchers have reported that those people with higher levels of proactive disposition are more conscientious (Major et al., 2006) and that proactive personality is related to career self-efficacy in career exploration (Qu et al., 2015; Shang & Gan, 2009). In other words, undergraduates who have a stronger sense of responsibility might willingly develop much more selfefficacy or outcome expectations, which in turn may lead to more specific goals in their career development. Few studies have been designed to examine the association among personality variables (e.g., proactive disposition) and career goal intentions, particularly in Chinese undergraduates. Our aim for this study was to verify the antecedent role of proactive personality in terms of the career self-management model among a sample of Chinese undergraduate students. We hypothesized that proactive personality would have effects on career goal via career self-efficacy and outcome expectation. This may provide not only some new evidence for the relationship between personality traits and career goal intentions, but also a new perspective for helping undergraduates develop their career interests and plans and carry out career...

One of the most prominent factors in developing more effective teaching and learning strategies is the association between personality traits and motivation. The current research examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and students’ motivation. Thirteen English teachers and 375 high school students participated in this study. The teachers completed the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the students filled out Language Learning Orientations Scale – Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation Subscales (LLOS – IEA). The results showed some significant relationships between the Big Five traits and the subscales of motivation. Particularly, teachers’ conscientiousness personality trait had a positive effect on students’ intrinsic- motivation- knowledge. In addition, teachers’ extraversion personality trait had a negative effect on students’ intrinsic- motivation- accomplishment, and knowledge. The results of this study can help the teachers to know how to behave in the classroom. More specifically, the study shows exactly which personality traits will result in increasing or decreasing students’ motivation.

The present study aimed to compare the difference of personality traits and successful aging among older Taiwanese adults. The proportions of successful agers who meet the criteria for successful aging was also be proposed. A comparative descriptive study design was applied. To measure the definition of successful aging, three concepts proposed by Rowe and Kahn with five indicators were included. Demographic data were compared by the χ2 -test and Fisher's exact test across the subgroups defined by social economic status, marital status, and health habits. The comparison of personality traits and successful aging was applied by logistic regression. The results of the present study showed that the personality traits of conscientiousness, openness and emotional stability were found to be related to the dimensions of successful aging. In addition, except for the personality trait of openness, the personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional stability and agreeableness were significantly different in the successful aging versus the non-successful aging group. The present study found the differences between personality traits and successful aging. Our study also provided essential information with regard to the differences of successful aging for older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2239-2246.

Problematic internet use, psychopathology, personality, defense and coping