Who is the predator, who the prey?—an analysis of changes in the state of China's national income distribution

Abstract

本文以2004年经济普查后修订的资金流量表为基础，依次从国民收入的初次分 配和再分配两个阶段，分析了1992－2005年期间我国国民收入在企业、政府和居民 三部门之间分配格局的变化，重点讨论了自1996年以来居民收入占比下降的原因。 在分析初次分配格局时，本文将每个部门的初次分配收入占比表示为各要素分配份 额按各要素收入中该部门所占比重加权得到的加权平均值。利用这一表示方式，我 们校正了资金流量表中的要素分配份额，重新计算了1993－2005年间的国民收入分 配格局，并推算了2006和2007年的国民收入分配格局。测算结果表明，居民部门在 全国可支配收入中的占比在1996年达到最高，此后逐年降低，截止到2005年，总共 下降了12.72个百分点。在初次分配和再分配阶段，居民部门分别下降了10.71和2.01 个百分点。与之相对应，企业和政府部门在初次分配中的占比分别上升了7.49和3.21 个百分点；在再分配阶段，居民和企业部门收入占比都下降，由此导致政府部门进 一步上升3.17个百分点。我们还发现，国民收入的要素分配中劳动收入占比下降和财 产收入占比下降，是居民部门在国民收入初次分配中占比下降的两个主要原因。在2005－2007年间，主要受生产水净额占比上升的影响，居民部门在国民收入中占比 进一步下降了3个百分点以上. 关键词: 国民收入 初次分配 再分配 资金流量表 This paper investigates how national income distribution among the corporate, government, and household sectors has changed from 1992 to 2005 using the Flow of Funds Accounts adjusted after the National Economic Census 2004. We analyze the changes in institutional distribution of national income from the primary and secondary distribution of national income, with a focus on explaining the fall in the household sector's share of the national income pie since 1996. To analyze the primary distribution of national income among institutional sectors, we formulate the share of each sector in primary national income as the weighted average of the product of factor income share using each sector's proportion of the different types of factor income as weights. With this formula, we adjust factor income shares in the Flow of Funds Account, re‐compute the distribution of disposable income by institutional sector from 1993 to 2005, and extrapolate the distribution to 2006 and 2007. Our findings are: the share of the household sector in national disposable income reached its peak in 1996, and declined by over twelve percentage points between 1996 and 2005, of which 10.71 and 2.01 percentage points were due to primary distribution and secondary distribution respectively. In contrast, the share of the corporate and government sectors in primary distribution increased by 7.49 and 3.21 percentage points respectively. In secondary distribution, the share of the government sector further increased by 3.17 percentage points, at the expense of the other two sectors. We also find that the decline in the share of labor income and property income in factor income distribution are the two main sources for the decline in the household share of primary distribution. In the period 2005–2007, the household share of national income fell further by over three percentage points, mostly resulting from the increase in the share of net production tax.