Abstract
The modern human has the most flexed cranial base among all living animals. The flexure allowed a larger cranial volume to accommodate a greater brain. Spheno-occipitalis synchondrosis (SOS) has been largely responsible for cranial base flexion, between the sphenoid and the Pars basilaris of the occipital bone. The objective of this work is to evaluate the real place of skull base flexure. Analysis based on 50 magnetic resonance imaging from normal adult subjects were used to evaluate normal place for cranial base angulation (CBA). The vertex of the cranial base angle in all individuals occurred intrinsically in the sphenoid bone. In humans, cranial base flexure had a specific pre-chordal origin, rather than in the transition between pre-chordal and chordal plates and occurred in the inner sphenoidal bone.
Highlights
The skull base is formed by a cartilaginous template, created by several ossification centers joined by synchondrosis, known as chondrocranium
Several works in cranial base angulation (CBA) defines a plane between postchordal and the prechordal plate, especially in sphenooccipitalis synchondrosis (SOS) flexing in the midline, producing the cranial base angle
The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that the flexure of the base of the skull occurs between the pre-chordal and chordal mesodermic plates and to determine the local of cranial base angulation in humans
Summary
The skull base is formed by a cartilaginous template, created by several ossification centers joined by synchondrosis, known as chondrocranium. It is the most complex bone structure of the skeleton. There are two distinct embryological origins for the formation of the skull base: Chondrocranium precursors, anterior to notochord, are formed from cells that condense on the prechordal plate, derived from the neural crest and the posterior mesodermal precursors, originating from the paraxial (parachordal or chordal) mesoderm (Cendekiawan et al.2010, LeDouarin et al 1993, Mcbratney-Owen et al 2008, Seifert et al 1993). The chordal mesoderm originates from the occipital somites and gives rise to the parachordal cartilages, precursor of basioccipital (Pars basilaris). The cranial flexure allowed increase in volume to accommodate a greater brain, the frontal positioning of the eyes, vocalization and erect position (Nie 2005)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
