Where do long-period comets come from? 26 comets from the non-gravitational Oort spike

Abstract

The apparent source region (or regions) of long-period comets as well as the definition of the dynamically new comet are still open questions.The aim of this investigation is to look for the apparent source of selected long period comets and to refine the definition of dynamically new comets. We show that incorporation of the non-gravitational forces into the orbit determination process significantly changes the situation. We determined precise non-gravitational orbits of all investigated comets and next followed numerically their past and future motion during one orbital period. Applying ingenious Sitarski's method of creating swarms of virtual comets compatible with observations, we were able to derive the uncertainties of original and future orbital elements, as well as the uncertainties of the previous and next perihelion distances. We concluded that the past and future evolution of cometary orbits under the Galactic tide perturbations is the only way to find which comets are really dynamically new. We also have shown that a significant percentage of long-period comets can visit the zone of visibility during at least two or three consecutive perihelion passages.