When warehouses dream: a systems-informed exploration of Industry 5.0 principles in warehousing performance management

Governance of responsible research and innovation: A social welfare, psychologically grounded multicriteria decision analysis approach

<p>THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND USE OF MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE EUROPEAN REFORMING VECTOR</p><p>O.B. Piniazhko, O.M. Zaliska</p><p>Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University</p><p> </p><p>The reforming of health care system has been started to carry out in Ukraine. Assessing the value of medical technologies may require new approaches that take into account a more comprehensive set of parameters than the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER/ quality adjusted life years, QALY.</p><p>Technological advancements in combination with higher life expectancy, higher patient expectations, and increased prevalence of chronic diseases, have led to significant increases in public spending on pharmaceuticals, which, on average account for 9,3% of total health expenditure or about 1,4% of GDP across OECD countries (OECD, 2012). Given the resources governments and health systems can spend on healthcare, the pathway to optimal resource allocation passes through cost containment and efficiency improvement policies. </p><p>In the context of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), elements of value can be measured and scored in their natural units or through constructed scales, quantitatively or qualitatively, and weights are assigned to reflect criteria’s importance when combining them. This approach may provide a more comprehensive account of value parameters, greater transparency in how multiple criteria are explicitly valued, weighted, and aggregated, and a more inclusive approach to stakeholder views on value.</p><p>Our aim was to perform a comparative analysis of the main approaches, methods and stages of MCDA, to determine the urgent and relevant use of MCDA in health care system of Ukraine based on the experience of developed countries.</p><p>We have analyzed the ukrainian and foreign publications, articles, systematic reviews, practical guidelines on MCDA in health care using PubMed, EMBASE, Internet resources as search tools.</p><p>Decision analysis can provide an alternative way of measuring and eliciting value. In particular, MCDA is both an approach and a set of techniques, with the goal of providing an overall ordering of options by looking at the extent to which a set of objectives are achieved. MCDA methodologies have been suggested for use in public services since 1960. MCDA has been used, on an experimental basis, in order to assess the benefit-risk (clinical) profile of new medicines for the purpose of regulatory approval during marketing authorisation stage by the European Medicines Agency and others. Its use has also been suggested in health care and value assessment in HTA also offering a conceptual framework.</p><p>Although a variety of MCDA methodologies exist, the process of MCDA includes a number of common stages as follows: 1) establishing the decision context by defining the aims of the MDCA, and who the decision makers and other key stakeholders are; 2) identifying the objectives and criteria that reflect the value associated with the consequences of each option; 3) «scoring» the value associated with the performance of each option against the criteria; 4) «weighting» each of the criteria to reflect their relative importance to the decision; 5) examine the results; 6) conducting a sensitivity analysis of the results to test the influence of changes in scores or weights.</p><p>As the results of our review we suggested the urgent and relevant use of MCDA in health care system of Ukraine based on the experience of developed countries. The comparative analysis of the main approaches, methods and stages of MCDA was performed and trends of it’s implementation in the pharmaceutical industry of our country were suggested.</p><p>Due to the performed analysis, in our opinion in order to optimize and improve the decision-making process in health care the implementation of MCDA approach will provide transparent and consistent management decisions in Ukraine.</p>

BACKGROUND: In the context of the progressive movement towards patientcentred care, patient-specific decision support is an important focus of interest. Many diagnostic and treatment patient decision aids (PDAs) are now available to help patients make informed choice decisions. An increasing number of these are software-based, with some available online. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a potentially useful technique on which to base a software-assisted PDA, especially when the decision is complex - as is the case in choosing the best treatment for non-small cell lung cancer – but it has so far been relatively little exploited in this area. The use of any from a number of existing MCDA-based software applications in the development and delivery of a MCDA-based interactive PDA can be an effective way of achieving “best-practice” or normative standards of decision making, such as 1) a well-constructed set of decision criteria or 2) logically consistent patient preferences. However, it also involves the use of resources such as the time and cognitive effort involved in decision-making. The comparative evaluation of alternative MCDA-based software applications in developing and delivering a PDA therefore involves trade-offs between decision effectiveness and decision resource criteria moving from the normative to the prescriptive. MCDA is an ideal tool for this meta-evaluation task as well as for the adoption decision itself. AIM: To analyse, as proof of concept, the use of MCDA for the development, implementation and evaluation of interactive PDAs in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the use with clinicians in the Spanish NHS of two alternative MCDA software applications which implement dissimilar MCDA techniques in the development of a PDA in routine clinical practice; 2. To assess the use with clinicians in the Spanish NHS of the same two alternative MCDA software applications in the implementation of a PDA in an environment replicating actual clinical consultations; 3. To build a meta-multi-criteria decision model based on the Decision Resources Decision Effectiveness Analysis (DRDEA) framework and assess the use of this model by clinicians in the Spanish NHS to make the choice between the two MCDA applications as the basis for a PDA. METHODS: 1) Two dissimilar MCDA software applications served as a basis for the development of a lung cancer clinical management PDA in close collaboration with two different groups of three clinicians from two different Spanish NHS hospitals (H1 and H2): 1) Expert Choice, which implements the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) MCDA approach; 2) Annalisa in Elicia (ALEL), which implements the Simple Attribute Weighting (SAW) MCDA approach. The process of codevelopment of the PDA in hospitals H1 and H2 was documented; 2) Expert Choice was used to implement (i.e. deliver) the lung cancer clinical management PDA in three hypothetical consultations in hospital H1. In each consultation, one of the three clinicians involved in the development of the tool, with support by this researcher, guided a proxy patient (a non-clinical member of hospital staff) through the PDA. The same process was repeated with the MCDA software ALEL in hospital H2. The process of delivery of the PDA in hospitals H1 and H2 was documented; 3) This researcher built a meta-multi-criteria decision model based on the DRDEA framework to help clinicians choose between different MCDA software applications as the basis of a PDA. The MCDA approach used for this meta-model was Multi- Attribute Value Theory (MAVT). The model was implemented, using the software HiView 3, with three clinicians from hospital H3 for the choice between Expert Choice and ALEL as the basis of a lung cancer clinical management PDA. RESULTS: The thesis makes a three-fold contribution to research in patient-centred decision support. First, it presents two new MCDA software-based approaches to clinical decision support, based on joint work with clinicians in the Spanish NHS, for developing an interactive PDA for the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer. Second, it describes the use of these decision support tools in the delivery of 5 an interactive PDA for the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer in a hospital environment via simulated consultations between actual clinicians, with support from this researcher, and proxy lung cancer patients. Third, it presents and applies a new MCDA-based methodology for evaluating the use of alternative MCDA software applications in the development and delivery of interactive PDAs.

Purpose: The article presents the trajectory of change in ergonomic research, beginning with the pioneering 1857 publication by Wojciech Bogumił Jastrzębowski and continuing to the present day (2025). The aim is to trace the development of ergonomic theory and practice in the context of advanced information technologies characteristic of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The study seeks to highlight how integrating ergonomics into modern industry has transformed the discipline and what future ergonomic approaches must entail. Design/methodology/approach: The objectives of the paper were achieved through a conceptual and historical analysis combined with elements of critical literature review and foresight. Rather than conducting empirical research, the authors trace the evolution of ergonomics from its origins in the 19th century to contemporary challenges associated with Industry 5.0. The approach is interdisciplinary, drawing from ergonomics, systems engineering, neurocognitive science, and social philosophy. The paper critically examines transformations in the human–technology relationship, forecasting the future role of ergonomics in increasingly automated and AI-driven environments. Findings: The analysis reveals that the nature of ergonomics must fundamentally change in response to new conditions of human interaction with intelligent technical systems using artificial intelligence. The study shows that contemporary ergonomics increasingly extends beyond traditional applications, evolving toward human-centered organizational design. Moreover, the integration of ergonomic thinking into the design of objects and workplaces enables the discipline to synergize with systems engineering, enhancing its strategic role within enterprises. Originality/value: This paper offers a unique historical-to-futuristic perspective on ergonomics, identifying its shift from a human-as-operator paradigm toward human-as-central agent within technological systems. The value of the article lies in its relevance to researchers, system engineers, and enterprise decision-makers seeking to understand and implement ergonomic policies in the era of smart industry and human-centric automation. Keywords: Human-centered design; Ergonomics; Industry 5.0; Ergonomic policy; Human machine interaction. Category of the paper: Viewpoint.

The impact of technology on people's lives is enormous, because of the impact of social change that is felt by the whole layer of society, both in the city and in the countryside, not only among adults but also among early children. If the use of technology is inappropriate, then it will bring problems to the lives of the community and in particular make the old people. The study aims to learn about the Muslim family methods regarding the impact of technological advances in the era of Industry 4.0 on early childhood in Surakarta. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The study finds that the methods applied by the majority of 10 Muslim families regarding the negative impact of digital technology advances in the era of Industry 4.0 on children aged 4-7 in Surakarta, are preventive methods, methods of surveillance, freeing children to play outdoors with peers, selective in choosing appropriate applications for children, being a good example for kids, and giving time limits for children to use technology. In conclusion, this research illuminates the proactive steps taken by Muslim families in Surakarta to navigate the challenges posed by technological advancements. By adopting a range of preventive measures and promoting a balanced approach, these families strive to ensure a positive impact on the lives of their early childhood members amidst the ever-evolving landscape of Industry 4.0.

In the era of Industry 4.0, technological advancements are not just a supplemental tool but a fundamental component of the new educational landscape. The level of awareness and preparedness towards technological advancements, and the challenges of 239 future social studies educators in the era of Industry 4.0 are explored in this study. It employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, which enabled a comprehensive assessment of the challenges and the level of awareness and preparedness of future social studies educators in the era of Industry 4.0. Findings revealed that future educators are highly aware of technologies like QR codes, AI, and VR but only moderately aware of others like hologram and cloud computing. In terms of preparedness, educators felt moderately prepared for various indicators, with biometrics being the highest-ranked. Significantly, the study reveals a strong positive correlation (P < 0.001) between awareness and preparedness, underscoring the need for robust technological literacy within teacher education programs. Challenges educators face, such as limited technological infrastructure, technical issues, and disparities in technology access, require attention to ensure that future social studies educators are well-equipped for the era of Industry 4.0.

BackgroundZoonoses are a growing international threat interacting at the human-animal-environment interface and call for transdisciplinary and multi-sectoral approaches in order to achieve effective disease management. The recent emergence of Lyme disease in Quebec, Canada is a good example of a complex health issue for which the public health sector must find protective interventions. Traditional preventive and control interventions can have important environmental, social and economic impacts and as a result, decision-making requires a systems approach capable of integrating these multiple aspects of interventions. This paper presents the results from a study of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach for the management of Lyme disease in Quebec, Canada. MCDA methods allow a comparison of interventions or alternatives based on multiple criteria.MethodsMCDA models were developed to assess various prevention and control decision criteria pertinent to a comprehensive management of Lyme disease: a first model was developed for surveillance interventions and a second was developed for control interventions. Multi-criteria analyses were conducted under two epidemiological scenarios: a disease emergence scenario and an epidemic scenario.ResultsIn general, we observed a good level of agreement between stakeholders. For the surveillance model, the three preferred interventions were: active surveillance of vectors by flagging or dragging, active surveillance of vectors by trapping of small rodents and passive surveillance of vectors of human origin. For the control interventions model, basic preventive communications, human vaccination and small scale landscaping were the three preferred interventions. Scenarios were found to only have a small effect on the group ranking of interventions in the control model.ConclusionsMCDA was used to structure key decision criteria and capture the complexity of Lyme disease management. This facilitated the identification of gaps in the scientific literature and enabled a clear identification of complementary interventions that could be used to improve the relevance and acceptability of proposed prevention and control strategy. Overall, MCDA presents itself as an interesting systematic approach for public health planning and zoonoses management with a “One Health” perspective.

The rapid increase in building construction projects due to urban development has led to a significant global rise in construction waste (CW), adversely affecting environmental, social, and economic aspects. This study aims to assist building contractors in minimising CW by evaluating the importance of 27 key attributes to assess their performance in construction waste management (CWM). Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was employed to determine the weight of these attributes using the Best Worst Method (BWM) based on interviews with 10 experts. The most influential attribute for effective CWM is the ‘Establishment of a strict CWM policy within the company’, followed by the ‘Implementation of separated waste bins according to waste types and on-site sorting’ and ‘Developing a comprehensive waste management plan during the early stages of construction’. This study enables contractors to understand the impact of each attribute on enhancing CWM performance and minimising CW in building construction for sustainable development.

PurposeThe problem of evaluating potential suppliers has always been based on finding an optimal tradeoff between supplier’s performance consistently meeting firms’ needs and acceptable cost. The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid multi-criteria decision framework to quantify this qualitative judgment and reduce ambiguity in selection of suppliers in the era of Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approachA hybrid intuitionistic fuzzy entropy weight-based multi-criteria decision model with TOPSIS is proposed. The authors make use of the intuitionistic fuzzy weighted approach operator for aggregating individual decision maker’s opinions regarding each alternative over every criterion. Additionally, the authors employ the concept of Shannon’s entropy to calculate the criteria weights.FindingsResults obtained on the basis of the proposed hybrid methodology are analyzed against two more cases wherein the authors try to showcase the relevance of using IFS and entropy-based decision framework and find out the uniqueness of the proposed framework in supplier selection process.Practical implicationsThe proposed model is apposite to solve management problem of supplier selection in two ways: aggregating individual decision maker’s opinion for each of the predefined criteria along with individual decision maker’s importance and ranking the suppliers based on both positive and negative ideal solutions using TOPSIS.Originality/valueA robust framework incorporates not only suppliers’ performance but also provides weightage to key decision makers. Especially in the context of MCDMs wherein both qualitative and quantitative data is evaluated simultaneously, the proposed framework is unique in its practical implementation of reducing ambiguity in the supplier selection process.

The design, implementation and use of adequate performance measurement and management frameworks can play an important role if organisations are to succeed in an increasingly complex, interdependent and changing world. Yet, despite widespread recognition of the importance of performance assessment, there are some issues that require further study if measurement systems are to be effective in the process of management through monitoring and decision making. This article proposes and seeks to illustrate that the use of system dynamics and multicriteria decision analysis, as part of a broader framework for performance measurement, can address some of the issues identified. The use of these approaches, independently and in an integrated manner, provides a means of exploring the dynamic complexity of organisations, making explicit trade‐offs between performance measures, and assessing the impacts of initiatives to improve performance, thereby enhancing understanding and ultimately contributing to the improvement of organisational performance.

Introduction:The use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in health technology assessment (HTA) studies has become more common due to the fact that MCDA offers a comprehensive technique for decisions that involve multiple criteria and stakeholders. How MCDA contributes to the HTA decision making process is an issue to be investigated. A systematic review was carried out in order to provide an overview of the benefits identified in MCDA applications for the strategic HTA decision making process.Methods:A systematic review developed by Philip Wahlster et al. (2014) was updated. The papers were analyzed in order to determine how MCDA is connected with traditional HTA, and to identify opportunities through the application of MCDA. In total 965 papers were found, and 43 articles were included in the review. The included articles detailed MCDA applications oriented to tactical and strategic decision making processes. The review was conducted by two researchers.Results:Of the available studies published on MCDA, 76 percent were published between 2014 and 2017, and 24 percent were published prior to 2014. Regarding the MCDA methodology defined in the included studies, 10 used the analytical hierarchy process, four used multi-attribute theory, and others refer the methodology only as “MCDA”. Seventeen studies also included health technology economic analysis, in special cost-effectiveness, safety and technological innovation. The studies suggest MCDA adds value since it allows different stakeholders to be engaged in the decision making process.Conclusions:The increase in studies on MCDA and healthcare point to the possibility to add different criteria, engage people with different knowledge levels, and make the decision-making process more transparent. In comparison with other technical areas, the use of MCDA in healthcare is more focused on achieving the decision about adding the new technology, and to show how to engage stakeholders than to explain how to develop the algorithms and methodologies.

The objective of this research is to analyze and to test the infuence of Job Characteristics, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment on Managerial Performance. There are six hypotheses proposed in this study i.e. 1) the infuence of job characteristics on job satisfaction of managerial employee. 2) The infuence of job satisfaction on organizational commitment of managerial employee. 3) The infuence of job characteristics on organizational commitment of managerial employee 4) the infuence of job characteristics on performance of managerial employee 5) the infuence of job satisfaction on performance of managerial employee 6) the infuence of organizational commitment on performance of managerial employee. Based on the fnal data analysis, all proposed hypotheses are accepted. Autonomy and task identity have greatest contribution to the job characteristics variable. The continuant commitment has a great contribution to organizational commitment variable. However, satisfaction to the supervisor contributes tantially to job satisfaction variable. While, team work, initiative and reporting activities have greatest contribution to the performance of managerial employee variable. The research shows that organizational commitment variable as intervening variable that bridging the relationship between job characteristics variable and managerial employee performance variable. Path coefcient for organizational commitment variable is greater than job satisfaction variable in infuencing managerial employee performance. Therefore, in order to enhance performance of managerial employees, it is necessary to build stronger organizational commitment, especially afective commitment.

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of servant leadership, knowledge management and strategic management on management involvement and performance in start-up companies in Jakarta. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study was 105 employees. The sampling technique used was a census. The data used in this study were primary and secondary data. The analysis tools used in this study included SmartPLS. The tests carried out in this study included Validity Test, Reliability Test, Inner Model Test, Outer Model Test, and Hypothesis Test. The results of research conducted at startup companies in Jakarta include: 1) Servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement; 2) Knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement; 3) Strategic management has no positive and insignificant effect on employee engagement; 4) Servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on management performance; 5) Knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on management performance; and 6) Strategic management has no positive and insignificant effect on management performance. This study is limited to management involvement and performance. The focus on startup companies may limit the generalization of these findings. In addition, although this study uses a questionnaire created by the researcher to ensure its relevance, the data used may be subject to bias, such as social desirability or limited disclosure of unfavorable opinions. This study contributes to the understanding of management performance and employee engagement in startup companies in Jakarta, with a focus on the factors of servant leadership, knowledge management, and strategic management. This research adds new insights related to other factors that influence management involvement and performance, especially in startup companies. So that, later it can be used as reference material in further literature.

Background: There is a perception held by payers that orphan products are expensive. As a result, the current health technology assessment systems might be too restrictive for orphan drugs, therefore potentially denying patients access to life-saving medicines. While price is important, it should be considered in relation to a broader range of disease-related product attributes that are not necessarily considered by many health technology assessment agencies. To overcome these challenges, multi-criteria decision analysis has been proposed as an alternative to evaluate technologies. Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify the most frequently cited attributes in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in rare diseases. From the leading attributes identified, we developed a multi-criteria decision analysis framework with which to aggregate the orphan drug values. We subsequently reviewed and plotted the relationship between single attributes and the average annual treatment costs for 8 drugs used in the treatment of rare endocrine diseases. The annual treatment costs were based on UK list prices for the average daily dose per patient. Results: The five most frequently mentioned attributes in the literature were as follows: Disease severity, Unmet need (or availability of therapeutic alternatives), Comparative effectiveness or efficacy, Quality of evidence and Safety & tolerability. Results from the multi-criteria decision analysis framework indicate a wide range of average annual per-patients costs for drugs intended for the same diseases, and likewise for diseases with a similar level of Disease severity. Conclusions: Multi-criteria decision analysis may offer a viable alternative to support discussion in reimbursement decisions for orphan drugs. The analyses can be used to inform investigations on the application of MCDAs in rare diseases.

To determine the effect of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) on the effect of bundle treatment for severe pneumonia. A prospective historical control observation was conducted. Seventy-five patients with severe pneumonia having received MCDA (from January 2013 to August 2014) were assigned as intervention group. MCDA group was set up by the medical staff. Bundled treatment plan was composed of the MCDA evaluation results, anti-infection, phlegm and other conventional treatment measures which was adjust on time until the patient was transferred out of the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) or died. Seventy patients with severe pneumonia before receiving MCDA (from August 2010 to December 2012) were set as historical control group. Comparison of general condition before treatment and the incidence of hospital infection, average hospitalization cost, duration of RICU stay and mortality between these two groups were performed. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, past history, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score at admission between two groups. Compared with control group, the incidence of hospital infection [1.33% (1/75) vs. 11.43% (8/70), χ2 = 4.723, P = 0.030], mean hospitalization cost in RICU (10 thousand Yuan: 3.44 ± 0.79 vs. 3.76 ± 0.91, t = 2.265, P = 0.025), length of RICU stay (days: 15.01 ± 4.22 vs. 16.92 ± 4.79, t = 2.552, P = 0.012) and mortality in RICU [8.0% (6/75) vs. 21.4% (15/70 ), χ2 = 5.272, P = 0.032] in intervention group was significantly decreased. Application of MCDA in the bundle treatment of severe pneumonia could elevate the scientificalness of decision, and reduce the medical cost. Additionally, MCDA is worth to be generalized because the implementation of guidelines can improve the clinical outcome and prognosis of the patients.