When Political Will Fades

It traces the development of the latest trends for the Study of the development of sustainable tourism inUkraine, as well as the conditions and means of effective inclusion ofUkrainein the international tourism market on the basis of the concept of sustainable tourism. Analysis of research areas and approaches to the study of sustainable tourism development inUkraine. The basic perspective of Ukrainian scientific community for the development and importance of tourism inUkraine. InUkraine, the issue of sustainable development is discussed since1992. Asignificant scientific achievements that laid the basis for the new benchmark of the country on the basis of a post-industrial economy. The issue of the nature and principles of the main factors of melting of the tourism industry dedicated to the research of V. G Gerasimenko, O. Dobrovolsky, G. A Zayachkovskoyi, G. V. Kazachkovska, A. Litvinova, N. D. Sviridova, D. I. Ostap'yuk, T. I. Tkachenko et al. Scientific basis of the national strategy forUkraine's transition to sustainable development principles are based on the peculiar state of geopolitical, geographical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental features. For the development of tourism industry ofUkraineon the basis of sustainable tourism as there is a need to develop new and innovative approaches.One of the main research areas among Ukrainian scientists was to develop the concept of sustainable tourism development. Under the concept of sustainable tourism development means a system of ideas that defines a common plan of development policy area. A. V. Litvinova main elements of the concept of sustainable tourism development in Ukraine considers the methods and tools of government regulation that need to be harmonized with indicators of sustainable tourism. Platform for developing a sustainable production is a tourism product , sustainable lifestyle of local communities and sustainable consumption. And according N. D. Sviridova , this concept must take into account all the strategic priorities and objectives of tourism development are important areas and facilities set goals. The concept should be fully reflective of the position of the region on the strategy of tourism development in the long term and include specific measures for its implementation. GV Kazachkovska in turn believes that the sustainable development of tourism and resort areas is possible when there is a balance between the preservation of natural, historical and cultural resources, economic interests, social needs and development of tourism, and provided favorable conditions for the formation of high-quality national tourist product. Among the fundamental work on the development of sustainable tourism inUkraineshould provide monograph T.I. Tkachenko. The book on a wide source base covers theoretical, methodological and applied problems of tourism development on the basis of dialectical, system and functional approaches. The necessity of consideration of tourism as a complex system in the unity of the social, economic and environmental components, the genesis of which is further based on the concept of sustainability. Committed to sustainable development of the country and its regions imposes a set of requirements to the existing quality of the environment and address the problem of interaction between nature and society. The concept of sustainable development, including the region determines the relevance of such a system that would ensure a balanced model of relations between environment, different types of economic activities and socio- economic interests of different groups. Therefore, a number of studies approaches to strategy development recreational region considering the environmental component . This study G.M. Aleinikova, N .M. Wetrovoj, O. Hulych et al. Of great importance for the development of sustainable tourism has an active policy. This includes support and development of tourism industry, the development of tourism infrastructure , creating conditions for increasing the attractiveness of regions for foreign and domestic tourists , improving the quality of tourism services , ensuring their complexity. Investigation of the role of government in regulating the tourism industry is the subject of research by many local scientists. Key aspects of the formation and functioning of state regulation of the tourism industry, the development and improvement of its study areas reflected in the scientific works of local scientists such as A. V. Vinogradov, L. Donchenko, K.V. Zhadko, S. G. Zakharov, A. H. Ilyashenko, Y. Kozlovsky, O. Melnichenko, N. I. Ostap'yuk and others. Thus we can note that recently in Ukrainian society considered all possible implementation strategies for sustainable tourism development. In particular, reveals strategic goals of sustainable development businesses in the tourism sector. The economic and social feasibility of ecotourism technologies for sustainable development of the tourism industry, geographic grounded approach to recreation and tourism of nature, the conceptual foundations of a market mechanism for managing recreational potential. Almost all scientists agree that the sustainable development of tourism inUkrainemust improve the use of resources, training of personnel in the tourism industry, transport infrastructure, reduce seasonality and spatial disparity in the distribution of tourists increase the financial performance of the tourism industry, to give a significant attention to the relationship between environmental management and sustainable tourism, etc.

This study measures the implementation process for the implementation of sustainable tourism, which generally aims to maintain ecological tourism destinations in a long time, getting feasibility economically, ethically and socially equitable for local communities.The Ministry of Tourism in Act No. 10 of 2009 explicitly pouring ideas and support in the development of sustainable tourism that is "necessary efforts to increase tourism's contribution to economic development, public welfare, strengthening of social values and culture, and environmental protection.In accordance with the definition of sustainable tourism development as stated in the Charter for Sustainable Tourism (1995) is, supported development of ecologically well as economically viable, ethically and socially equitable for society.The tourism sector has not contributed real and direct the economy of local communities in tourism destinations.The development of tourism in Indonesia should be able to increase the quality of life (particularly local), to create added value and strengthen the local culture and social values and local wisdom.The assessment will look at the main aspects that should be considered in the development of sustainable tourism.Phasing and assessment measures and methods that will be pursued are: to prepare the standards and criteria for sustainable tourism development that is intended to be applicable at the destination.This study will generally see an outline of the three phases of activity in the development of sustainable tourism which is done through the process of STD, STO and STC.This study will limit the scope of stages Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) to get to the Sustainable Tourism Certification (STC).Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) in the study aims to maintain ecological tourism destinations in a long time, getting feasibility economically, ethically and socially equitable for local communities as well as having an output convergence meeting, coordination meetings and research meeting in these destinations.Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO), is an activity that is conducted with the cooperation between the ministries of tourism, local governments and higher education area that aims to provide recommendations for the development of sustainable tourism, both the central government, local governments, local communities and other stakeholders , The focus of this study is the implementation of the Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) that uses the basics of votes according to the criteria of sustainable tourism for destinations.Whatever method of determining the assessment criteria consist of several parts, namely: a) sustainable management of effective management; b) maximize the economic benefits to the local community and minimize negative impacts; c) maximize the benefits to the community, visitors, and culture; minimize the negative impacts; d) to maximize the benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts.This methodology explicitly used to design, assess, monitor, evaluate and mitigate and understand the paradigm framework of thinking in the development of sustainable tourism were planned and carried out at tourism destinations.The final results of this study provide recommendations after the criteria are met by the development of sustainable tourism for tourist destinations.The recommendations provide a reference methodological and recommendations in the field of tourism sustainability.Support capacity building on tourism stakeholders to foster participation / public participation, policy trends and the impact of tourism through the development of sustainable tourism as a standard and criteria for Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) that can be applied in Indonesia.The application emphasizes the principles of sustainability, which refers to aspects of environmental, economic and socio-cultural development of tourism, and an appropriate balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee long -term sustainability.

Tourism is a happy industry related to people's livelihood. Since the 21st century, tourism, as the main pillar industry of world cultural exchanges, has attracted the attention of governments. The sustainable development of tourism should take social, economic and environmental factors into consideration, and develop tourism in a planned and targeted way from the overall situation. The proportion of Chinese tourists has been increasing, accounting for 48.86% of the total world tourists in 2019. China's tourism industry is developing rapidly, and in some areas the demand exceeds the supply. The concept of sustainable tourism development aims to promote the coordinated development of tourism ecological balance and economic growth, which has been paid more and more attention in China. Guilin is a typical tourist city. However, Guilin's tourism industry has some problems, such as low quality of scenic spot construction, low efficiency of tourism resource development, sick ecological environment, and insufficient innovation, which restrict the sustainable development of Guilin's tourism industry. This study takes Guilin as the research object, analyzes the development of tourism, and finds the path to achieve sustainable development of tourism, so that Guilin tourism can be promoted in tourism cities as a tourism development paradigm. Using the improved DPSIR model, the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response subsystems are introduced to supplement the definition of sustainable development of tourism. Based on the DPSIR framework, this study collected 28 factors related to Guilin's tourism development and divided them into three categories: economic, social and ecological environment. Through correlation analysis and factor analysis, this paper summarizes the environmental, economic and social effects of Guilin tourism in the past ten years. These indicators are used to calculate the secondary indicators of the DPSIR framework. The entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each index for the development of Guilin tourism, and the key indicators affecting Guilin tourism are determined. At the same time, TOPSIS method is applied to analyze the sustainable development of Guilin tourism. Through the weight analysis of the secondary indicators, we know that the GDP growth rate, local fiscal revenue growth rate and urbanization rate are the main driving factors, and the level of local social and economic development has an important impact on the sustainable development of tourism. The Chinese government advocated farmers to enter cities in 2009 and 19, and the Urbanization rate is the key indicator for the local government to assess, Therefore, the urbanization rate is also a very important driving force indicator for the local government. Among the pressure indicators, air and water pollution and passenger turnover have always been the main sources of pressure in the local area. The local government should pay more attention to the three wastes pollution to improve the environmental quality of the local city. Among the state indicators, Tourism revenue and Tourism reception have the highest weight, while Number of star hotels have the lowest weight. The number of tourists and tourism income are important state indicators. Among the impact indicators, Guilin's tourism industry has a great impact on the local society and economy. Tourism income per capital and Per capital tourism revenue as a percentage of GDP per capital account for the largest proportion. Among the response indicators, the weights of Number of A-level scenic spots and Total area of park scenic spots are the largest. The government's investment in scenic spots and Guilin's urban environment plays an important role in improving local tourism. Calculated by TOPSIS, from 2009 to 2012, the tourism development of Guilin was in the preparation stage for sustainable development; from 2013 to 2017, the tourism development of Guilin entered the preliminary sustainable development stage. In the development stage, in 2017, Guilin's tourism industry entered a stage of basic sustainable development. Subsequently, this study put forward some suggestions for the further sustainable development of Guilin's tourism industry.

This study focuses on the integration of sustainable development principles into urban tourism management. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the socio-economic, geographical, and environmental factors influencing urban tourism development and to propose strategic planning approaches that enhance sustainability in rapidly growing megacities. The study employs a mixed methodology combining qualitative and quantitative methods. A comprehensive review of existing literature on urban tourism and sustainable development was conducted, alongside an expert survey among key stakeholders in Kazakhstan’s tourism industry. The survey results were analyzed using statistical methods, including Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, which allowed for assessing the consistency of expert opinions. The findings indicate that optimizing sustainable urban tourism in Kazakhstan's major cities requires tailoring tourism development strategies to the unique characteristics of each city. The analysis emphasized the importance of strategic planning to facilitate targeted infrastructure development and balance tourism growth with ecological sustainability. By aligning the tourism development process with the principles of sustainable urban planning, cities like Astana and Almaty can enhance their attractiveness as tourist destinations while achieving ecological sustainability and economic resilience. This research contributes new insights into the integration of sustainable development principles into urban tourism management in the context of developing countries. The analysis, focusing on the unique socio-economic and environmental factors of Astana and Almaty, provides valuable strategies for policymakers and urban planners aiming to promote sustainable tourism in similar urban contexts.

The research is centred on rural tourism and its socio-economic effects on the local community of Hlabisa located adjacent to the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, investigating and disclosing the socio-economic conditions, tourism activities, rural tourism models/ strategies, community participation and challenges faced by the local community and businesses in the area. The socio-economic conditions include employment, income, education, quality of life and other relevant infrastructure contributed by rural tourism to the local economy of Hlabisa. According to Ivanovic et al. (2009) rural tourism can develop rural economies by providing new economic activities and employment. The research was guided by five research objectives: (1) To determine the socio economic well-being of the local community of Hlabisa, i.e. employment, income, skills development, entrepreneurial opportunities; (2) To determine level of tourism development and the nature of tourism activities taking place in the Hlabisa area; (3)To determine the level of community participation and representation on tourism activities taking in Hlabisa; (4) To ascertain rural tourism strategies / rural tourism models in place to empower the local community of Hlabisa socially and economically? (5) To ascertain the challenges / obstructions faced by the rural community and tourism entrepreneurs of Hlabisa? The research problem of the study seeks to investigate the extent to which the wellbeing of the local communities of Hlabisa is being empowered or changed for the better socially and economically through the game park and tourism development inter alia. The Rural Tourism Strategy (2012) states that between 10-15 million South Africans live in areas that are characterised by extreme poverty and underdevelopment. “There is limited integration of local communities and previously neglected groups into tourism, inadequate tourism education, training and awareness and lastly lack of infrastructure, particularly in rural areas” (Rural Tourism Strategy 2012). Moreover, what triggers the researcher’s curiosity is that while seeing and knowing that there is quite a number of tourism activities taking place in the study area but the extent to which those activities affect the livelihood of the surrounding rural communities economically and socially is unknown. The concept and literature were matched or tested in line with the identified themes which were as follows:  Socio-economic conditions;  Rural tourism models (strategies);  Community participation and representation in tourism;  Tourism activities; and  Challenges / obstructions faced by the local community and businesses in the area. The study was anchored around the Integrated Rural Tourism (IRT) development model “with emphasis on co-planning, learning and participation which originates from the Global North” (Saarinen and Lanao 2014). This model was relevant to this study because “it discusses key challenges of rural tourism development especially related to the integration of the tourism industry and rural communities in developing countries and overviews the applicability and conditions of the IRT framework as a potential approach for rural tourism development in the developing world” (Saxena et al. 2007). The study employed a qualitative research approach, with the following tools or instruments used to collect data i.e. questionnaires, unstructured interviews with open ended questions and focus groups. The questionnaires were analysed using the Atlas.ti 8 Data Analysis Software in order to enhance reliability by applying the rules built into the programme. The information analysed included employment, income, education, quality of life and other relevant infrastructure contributed by rural tourism to the local economy of Hlabisa. The software provided tools that helped with transcription analysis, coding and text interpretation, recursive abstraction, content analysis and discourse analysis. The outcomes from the interviews indicate that the majority of the local community respondents are happy with the economic opportunities presented by tourism development in the area. The majority of respondents indicated the community participates in tourism planning and development activities in the area. There are structures in place such as Co-management boards in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park and, Local Community Committees and Community Trust that represent communities in decision making processes in relation to tourism. However, the key challenges that emerged from the findings were that the majority of the locals employed in tourism occupied low paying positions, with grade 08-12 and no tourism qualifications. This means locals do not have the necessary qualifications and skills to qualify to be employed in Senior Management positions in the tourism establishments in the area. The lack of a tourism qualification, training and skills would prohibit locals to progress up the ranks to become managers who earn higher salaries and be in a position to make key decisions about tourism in the area. On the other hand, the small family run tourism business cited access to capital and incentives, markets access, road access, lack of training programmes, unreliable electricity and water supply among the main challenges they face in the area of Hlabisa which affects their growth and revenue. Recommendations arising from the study include but are not limited to the following: The local and district municipality, provincial and national government tourism institutions should consider providing bursaries to the youth and scaling leanership programmes in Hlabisa in order to have greater reach and impact in advancing the careers of the local people in the local tourism industry. The Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park should put in place a sound educational programme to improve the education of the local people of Hlabisa so that they can advance to high ranking positions in order to earn high income. The small businesses in the area of Hlabisa should enter into joint marketing agreements with one another, travel trade, destination marketing organisations in order to increase tourist volume and revenue but also to meet tourist demand in the interim. In addition, the local, provincial and national tourism institutions should put in place sound tourism dedicated incentives and capital to assist small tourism business businesses to grow and expand their businesses to enable these small tourism businesses to employ more local people and pay them high income

Through decentralization, local governments play an increasingly important role in tourism development. While there has been much research on local government's role in achieving sustainable tourism, relatively little research has been conducted on the capacity of local government to achieve sustainable tourism. This is particularly the case for developing countries such as Thailand. Applying the Nominal Group Technique and using in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders, this paper seeks to examine the capacity of a local Thai government administration, namely, the Tambon Administrative Authority (TAA). This research also examines the local government's influences on and responses to sustainable tourism development. The research findings demonstrate the TAA has adequate capacity in terms of legislative authority mandate, but limited capacity in terms of its resources including insufficient knowledge of tourism issues, budget and staffing. The paper concludes these limitations have resulted in a number of tourism issues affecting the ability to achieve sustainable tourism development in Koh Tao. Such issues may also affect sustainable development in other developing countries which have similar patterns of tourism development.

List of Contributors. Introduction. Preface and Acknowledgements. Part I: Tourism and sustainable development: theory and planning. 1. Tourism and sustainable development: a theoretical framework A. Fossati, G. Panella. 2. Tourism, marketing and telecommunication: a road towards regional development P. Nijkamp. 3. Why are tourism countries small and fast-growing? A. Lanza, F. Pigliaru. 4. The strategic importance of the cultural sector for sustainable urban tourism A.P. Russo, J. Van der Borg. 5. The management of cultural goods: sustainable and unsustainable development of art cities G. Mossetto. 6. The provision of amenities by agriculture and rural tourism F. Bonnieux, P. Rainelli. Part II: Instruments and policies. 7. Economic instruments for sustainable tourism development A. Markandya. 8. Land markets and transfer of development rights: some examples in France, Italy, and the United States V. Renard. 9. Tourism development through the quality area plans M.A. Corigliano. 10. Social Expectations and sustainable tourism development: the territorial pact F. Losurdo. 11. The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists D. Maddison. Index.

A conceptual paper published twenty years ago concluded that sustainable tourism development is an unviable objective. Specifically, it argued that environmentally sound tourism development (sustainable tourism) is essential; sustainable development through tourism, however, is unachievable. Despite continuing alignment between tourism and sustainable development in both academic and policy circles, not only have the intervening two decades proved this argument in practice to be correct, but also there is little evidence of a more sustainable tourism sector. This paper, therefore, returns to the theoretical relationship between tourism and sustainable development, considering more recent transformations in understandings of the concept of development as well as contemporary approaches to sustainable development. Highlighting the controversy surrounding the continuing adherence to economic growth in development policy in general and tourism development in particular, it discusses sustainable de-growth as an alternative approach to development and, in the context of increasing concerns over climate change, the specific implications for tourism.

The purpose of the article is to improve methodological recommendations for the development of a strategy for the development of tourist and recreational complex, which ensures the achievement of socio-economic stability. Methodology of research. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the fundamental works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of functioning and sustainable development of socio-economic systems. The basis of the study is a systematic and integrated approach to solving regional problems, methodology of strategic management, integration approach to the management of territorial economic complexes. Findings. The strategic concept of sustainable development of tourist and recreational sphere is analyzed, which should be determined by the modern direction of evolution, have a through character and be embodied in the spheres of human activity. Effective structural renewal in the organizations of tourism and recreational sphere is investigated, which should be implemented taking into account the proposed stages of structural changes and their strategic management on the basis of modern statistical analysis techniques. It is proposed to use the concept of integrated management of strategic changes, which allows to link strategic planning and strategy implementation into a single process and to form an effective system of management of tourist and recreational complexes. Improvement of methodological approaches to the formation of a strategy for the development of tourist and recreational complex, which ensures the achievement of socio-economic stability of the system. Practical value. The practical significance of the research results is that the stipulated results can serve as a basis for the formation and implementation of a strategy for the development of tourist and recreational regions of Ukraine. Scientific recommendations will allow regional governing bodies to develop a system of actionable measures to increase the efficiency of development and operation of territorial tourist and recreational complexes. Keywords: territorial tourist and recreational complex, sustainable development strategy, integrated management concept, socio-economic sustainability. REFERENCES 1. Berlin, S. I. (2016). Formirovanie regional’nyh strategij razvitija v sfere turistsko- rekreacionnyh uslug [Formation of regional development strategies in the field of tourist and recreational services]. Strategija razvitija regionov. Nauchnyj vestni, 1, 33–38. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ formirovanie-regionalnyh-strategiy-razvitiya-v-sfere-turistsko-rekreatsionnyh-uslug/viewer (accessed 01 June 2019) [in Ukrainian]. 2. Vinogradova, M. V. (2013). Strategicheskoe upravlenie razvitiem regional’nogo turistskogo kompleksa [Strategic management of the development of the regional tourist complex]. Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis. Moskov : FHBU VPO Rоs. gos. un-t turizma i servisa [in Russia]. 3. Vyshnevska, O. O. (2009). Fenomen turyzmu u suchasnomu sotsiokulturnomu prostori : monohrafiia [The phenomenon of tourism in contemporary socio-cultural space: a monograph]. Kharkiv : KhNU im. V. N. Karazina [in Ukrainian]. 4. Dzhandzhugazova, E. A. (2005). Formirovanie strategii razvitija regional’nogo turistsko-rekreacionnogo kompleksa [Formation of a development strategy for a regional tourist and recreational complex] Extended abstract of Doctor’s thesis. Moskov : MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova [in Russia]. 5. Lavrenov, R. N. (2011). Formirovanie strategii ustojchivogo razvitija regional’nogo turistsko-rekreacionnogo kompleksa [Formation of a strategy for sustainable development of a regional tourist and recreational complex]. 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The Success of Rural Community-Based Tourism Development from the Perspective of the Local Community (Case Study: Asiab-Sar Village, Behshahr County)

According to Marchesani, Masciarelli and Ceci (2024), municipalities that are doing well and becoming more competitive are responding to new emerging trends and specific traveller preferences, the growing importance of social media, and mobile internet marketing. Calitz and Cullen (2017:1) state that a key component of a municipality's expansion to promote economic development is the recognition of trends in destination marketing, to increase marketability when compared to worldclass municipalities. The aim of the current study was to explore the innovative ways used by the uMkhanyakude District Municipality (UKDM) to promote tourism and sustainable development. Evidence shows that there is increased responsibility on local governments in tourism destination planning and management to facilitate and promote local tourism in rural communities through the lens of innovation. In this day and age, it is not enough for tourism businesses to rely solely on the traditional media for marketing and promotion. An influx of tourists in UKDM can be achieved through the usage of innovative tourism promotion strategies (internet, mobile phones, social media, viral marketing, mobile commerce, and video marketing etc.) and capacitating tourism practitioners at local government level to undertake effective tourism promotion and marketing to effectively respond to increasingly sophisticated market needs and trends. Analysing the market needs thorough research to disclose all the challenges that the municipalities may come across in promoting and growing the tourism industry in the UKDM and the adjacent communities to expedite their welfare through promotion and sustainable economic development to enhance tourism promotion and development. Moreover, an information gap exists in UKDM on the use of innovative ways to promote sustainable tourism development, as the district seems to rely mostly on the conventional ways of promotion (district-wide state-of-the-art information centres, glossy Elephant Coast destination brochures, and attending domestic and international trade and consumer shows). New tourism promotion efforts are essential for tourism businesses and the municipalities in the area for enhancement in tourism development which will boost the municipality’s ailing economy. This research explored the innovative ways used by the UKDM in promoting sustainable tourism development and the challenges they encounter in promoting and growing the visitor numbers in uMkhanyakude District Municipality. A qualitative research methodology was utilised to collect primary data through semi-structured interviews for this study and a case study approach was used to explore innovation in promoting sustainable tourism development from uMkhanyakude District Municipality’s tourism practitioners. The study reveals that social media can be used more efficiently than traditional communication channels, with executives in the tourism industry declaring that, like any other business, tourism organisations need to participate in social media marketing platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, X, blogs, forums, and media sharing sites. These media sharing sites are facilitating communication between tourism stakeholders and municipality managers on issues such as improving the images of tourism destinations. They also assist in making past or future tourism plans and establishing direct communication with tourism destinations. The main reason for this is that travellers are constantly using social media before planning their trips, during their trips, and at the end of their trips to share their travel experiences. As a result, social media tools are regarded as effective means of publicising tourist destinations. Findings from the primary study revealed that most of the municipal entities do not use social media as part of their promotion techniques. There is a need for full adoption of the contemporary mechanisms used by tourism municipal destinations around the world. The few tourism entities that use contemporary mechanisms of promotion are only using it for Integrated Development Plan (IDP) roadshows and where tourism is blended with other municipal activities for example in a website, the mechanisms are hardly visited and updated with new and interesting information. In light of the current lack of adoption of the contemporary mechanisms, this reveals a dire need for adoption and usage of such promotion methods as they are cost-effective and suitable for promotion, development and improvement of tourism in uMkhanyakude District Municipality. The results suggest that social media is of strategic importance in promoting tourism.

Background – The development of the tourism sector based on local wisdom, in supporting the sustainable tourism sector in Selayan Kalimantan, especially historical and religious tourism, namely mosques and tombs, is very much needed. Community-based tourism applications can be carried out in three stages, namely the planning stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. Aim – The aim of this research is to analyze the concept and implementation of a combination of aspects of sharia-based human capital policy and local wisdom. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection in this article used in-depth interviews with 2 parties from managers and HRD. Apart from interviews, data was obtained through direct observation during employee selection and documentation. Findings – The research results showed that The development of religious tourism in South Kalimantan as sustainable tourism is very worthy of development, commitment to sustainable development, community involvement in decision making and management of religious tourism facilities and infrastructure that have previously existed, such as tombs, mosques and historical buildings. Efforts to optimize the development of sustainable religious tourism are developing the concept of cultural cities, increasing regional security, improving infrastructure and drainage in several places, providing new religious tourism attractions and more attractive additional attractions. Conclusion - The development of religious tourism in Banjar Regency has problems, namely (1) tourism facilities and infrastructure, (2) local resource development, and (3) marketing development. Research implication- It is hoped that there will be the obstacles that exist in religious tourism objects are related to facilities and infrastructure, weak local resources to support tourist attractions, and weak tourism marketing. To overcome obstacles, the strategies that can be implemented are related to the development of tourism facilities and infrastructure, development of local resources, and development of marketing. Limitations – Banjar Regency has quite large potential for developing religious tourism. There are 27 religious tourist attractions in Banjar Regency, but in reality most of the existing religious tourism has not been managed optimally..

The aim of this paper is to study moderating role of social capital in development of tourism and sustainable urban development in the city of Zahedan. We prepared a questionnaire with 30 questions; and based on Cochrane’s sample, we distributed 114 questionnaires among managers of Tourist Organization and hotel managers with a random sampling. Based on these results, Zahedan city does not have a good situation in sustainable development. For testing the hypotheses, single-sample T-test, Pearson’s correlation and hierarchal linear regression were applied. Also the result of testing hypotheses indicates that there is a positive relationship between tourism development and sustainable urban development. In addition, the third hypothesis test showed that social capital had a moderating role on the relationship between development of tourism and sustainable urban development so much that based on hierarchical linear regression test, 25% of the variance in sustainable urban development is explained by the moderating role of social capital.

The main purpose of this study was to construct a sought-on tourism innovation & tourism marketing strategies which are essential tools for development of tourism industry for a particular tourism resource nation. This paper centrally focused on Nepalese tourism development constraints discourse by emphasizing the context of innovation and marketing. The data were derived from multiple sources such as: field observation, review of multiple public sectors tourism institution’s policy and plan documents, questionnaire opinion collected from domestic and international tourists and in-depth open-end interviews taken with influential tourism stakeholders. Even though there is not much that had been done to address the tourism innovativeness and marketing strategies from the academia and Government institutions in Nepal, this paper aimed to figure out the major pitfall and illustrate the suitable recommendation towards drafting the strategies and policies that can facilitate overall Nepalese tourism development. The subject is essential to ensure sustainable growth and to achieve the tourism national goal. Our study aimed to generalize the research gap by putting forward ITDM model which is the sum of idea generated from SOSTAC and Abernathy & Clark innovation model. ITDM was casted forward after analyzing and reviewing the applicability for Nepalese tourism development context. The highlighted finding of this research can conclude that: “There is collaboration dysfunctionality among key stakeholders, disintegration of common goals within key stake holders, failure of high-level tourism council functionality, inadequate budget line, un-contextual vision lead mission, lack of skilled manpower, poor tourism infrastructures, aviation infra scarcity, low degree of ICT readiness, un-updated national tourism policies, ignorance of triple helix correlation (GON, P.C, and Academia)”. These major constraints should be immediately addressed in order to achieve and yield tourism development national goal of Nepal.

Actuality. The tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova is growing in the context of a rather difficult period due to the economic and pandemic crises. This fact is due to the role of central and local authorities on sustainable development policies and strategies that have been and are being implemented for the development of tourism in the Republic of Moldova. Various forms of tourism can be practiced on the territory of the country, which, capitalized and supported by central and local authorities, can become the business card of domestic tourist destinations. One of these forms is sports tourism, which in recent years has acquired a special connotation, being more and more popular and with a significant increase. In this context, the central and local authorities collaborate in the perspective of the development of this form of tourism which, as demonstrated by the last sports events organized by the Republic of Moldova, are able to attract many athletes who are accompanied by both technical staff and microbiologists or close people that support them in their developments, a phenomenon that assumes that all those mentioned will use a range of tourist services on the territory of the Republic of Moldova (accommodation, food, transport, excursions, etc.), which will ensure their temporary stay in the area where the sporting event takes place . Purpose. Examining the contribution of central and local authorities in the sustainable development of sports tourism. Research methods. In order to carry out the study, there were applied methods that ensured the achievement of the established objectives, among them can be listed: the analysis of the specialized scientific-methodical literature, observation, methods of processing and quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data. Findings and results. The development of sports tourism can have a sustainable aspect if it is based on both economic and social and environmental objectives. Since sustainable development is a fundamental objective of the European Union, it must also be addressed in the field of sports tourism, and this fact is achieved by the central public authorities through the development of strategies for the development of the tourism sector, namely the Tourism Development Strategy in the Republic of Moldova between 2003 -2015, Tourism Development Strategy "Tourism 2020", National Tourism Development Program "Tourism 2026". All of them have a special role in the development of sports tourism, at each stage of this form of tourism being given a certain status and connotation depending on the developments on the international tourist market. In recent years, tourism at the local level has received significant attention from central and local authorities, the reason being the stimulation of the attractiveness of tourist destinations at the community level that can become a source of income for local budgets. In this context, at the local level, the authorities through various mechanisms try to develop the tourism sector depending on the existing tourism potential, the available infrastructure, but also within the limits of the existing financial sources. This fact required the creation of tourism development strategies, or sustainable, socio-economic and integrated development strategies in which a separate segment is dedicated to the tourism and sports sectors at district level, which set priorities for the development of various forms of tourism, including sports, as a form of tourism that can ensure the development of local communities, by: creating jobs, developing small and medium enterprises, etc. At the same time, they include a series of actions for the valorization of sports tourism, which are mostly focused on: the development of sports infrastructure, the promotion of tourism forms including sports, the holding of sports events, etc. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), sporting events can be a catalyst for tourism development if they are successfully exploited in terms of destination branding, infrastructure development and other economic and social benefits. In the Republic of Moldova, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the development of the appropriate infrastructure to ensure the holding of sports events, but also the practice of various sports events, but there are still great reservations in this regard, especially since this is mainly in the capital and less at the regional or local level, and the development of sports tourism is not possible without a technical-material base and tourist destinations prepared for such a tourism form. In the last five years in the Republic of Moldova there has been an increase in sports buildings, and an example is the construction of the "Chisinau Arena" complex, which has already hosted a series of events attended by hundreds of athletes and spectators, and an eloquent one was the Championship European weightlifting among young people that brought together 346 athletes, but also members of their technical staff, as well as supporters. However, at the regional level, the local authorities try to develop this form of tourism within the limits of financial possibilities, by creating the necessary infrastructure that meets international requirements to be able to organize sports events that attract both athletes and their teams, as well as tourists who are interested in sports activities during their travels, regardless of whether sports is the main purpose of it. In addition to the precarious economic situation at the national level and at the regional level, in the last five years, the sports edifices register both slight increases in some structures and decreases in certain regional areas, a fact that highlights that the sports tourism sector is stagnant and does not contribute significantly to the development of local destinations. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of the research carried out regarding the role of the central and local authorities in the Republic of Moldova in the sustainable development of sports tourism, it can be mentioned that they have elaborated development strategies, which assume the valorization of sports tourism for the economic development of local communities. In recent years, they have been reviewed and adapted to international requirements, and this fact is starting to bring economic benefits to the destination where the sports events take place (example: the European Weightlifting Championship in 2023). At the same time, at the local level, the authorities have well-established directions until 2026 regarding the development of sports tourism and its forms, such as: nautical tourism, aero tourism, mountaineering, etc. Not following the directions drawn, sports buildings at the national level do not register a significant improvement, and this fact endangers the development of sports tourism. Thus, it is recommended to develop a concept for the development of this form of tourism with an emphasis on the initial development of the areas where this form of tourism has real chances of development.