What Predicts Permanent Full-Time Job Holders Being Food Insecure?

ObjectiveThis study measured food insecurity among seniors (≥50 years) in the Lubbock area and self‐reported coping strategies used during periods of food insecurity in Lubbock, Texas.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study conducted in seven senior service providers (4 senior centers, one senior live in community, one volunteer group and meals on wheels participants). The demography (education, ethnicity and income), food insecurity (validated household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS)) and the reported coping strategies for food sufficiency were assessed using open ended questions administered during a face‐to‐face interview in the centers/households.ResultsAmong the seniors (N=186 seniors), 82 (44.1%) were males and the rest were females. About a third (62 (33.3%) were married, 63(33.9%) were widowed/widowed and the rest were either divorced, single or living with a partner. About a quarter (24.2%) were Hispanic/latino, 22.6% were black/African Americans, 49.5% were non‐Hispanic white and the rest were Asian/Alaskan white. Only 57 (30.6%) had college education and more. According to the HFIAS 20 (10.8 %) reported severe food insecurity. Some (42 (22.6%) reported their participation in the SNAP program, 30(16.1%) participate in the food bank program and 15 (8.1%) of them participate in both programs. Majority 149 (79.0%) mainly depended on their social security funds while the rest depended on part time jobs (1.9%), full time jobs (1.9%) or on bonds or loans. A quarter 47 (25.3%) of the participants knew other seniors who had food insecurity issues.ConclusionSenior years are characterized by reduced income due to retirement. A tenth of seniors experienced very severe food insecurity. Reported coping strategies included the participation in the SNAP or South plains food bank program.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported with Prof. Oldewage‐Theron's Start‐up grants

Paradoxically, cities in the developed world are simultaneously increasing levels of food waste and food insecurity. Social assistance programmes intend to provide vulnerable populations with food, but many people instead choose to collect food from municipal waste streams, including “dumpster diving”. Most food-insecure people who dumpster dive do so from need, to supplement food from, or avoid stigma related to, social assistance programmes. However, it is increasingly common for food-secure people to choose to dumpster dive. We used participant observation and semi-structured interviews to characterise urban dumpster divers in Montréal, Quebec, identify what items they dive for, and describe their social connectivity. We found that while some divers identified as food insecure and extremely poor, most did not; primarily, divers were Caucasian, university students, holding an “alternative” identity, and without a full-time job or children. Divers required specialised knowledge and mostly recuperated food waste from grocery stores and bakeries (e.g. breads, fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy products) that significantly improved the composition and quality of their diets. Unused goods were largely gifted and rarely sold. Food-insecure divers tended to be isolated, while food-secure divers had strong social connections because they frequently exchanged knowledge and goods and held common values. Our findings indicate that the dumpster diving community in Montréal is a heterogeneous group recuperating a range of goods for a variety of reasons that reduces food waste and alleviates food insecurity. We suggest that municipal policy-makers encourage the redistribution of potentially useful goods between local businesses and willing recuperators.

This study investigates the relationship between household head’s work form (by considering number of hours worked and multiple job holding) and household food insecurity utilizing the Food Security Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Households where the head is employed in multiple jobs, in work with varied hours, or part-time work are more likely to be food insecure than households with a head in a regular full-time job, even when controlling for income and other social demographic characteristics. Models are estimated separately for married couple, cohabiting, male-headed, female-headed and single-person households to show the interaction between work form and household structure. The relationship between food insecurity and nonstandard work arrangements may be due to unstable incomes and complex schedules.

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNO BIG CHANGES IN PAY OR JOBS FOR CHEMISTRY GRADUATESMICHAEL HEYLINView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 11, 12–16Publication Date (Print):March 13, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 13 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n011.p012https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n011.p012newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chemical engineering and industrial chemistry,Mathematical methods Get e-Alerts

AS OF THE WEEK OF OCT. 7 LAST YEAR, INEXPERIENCED new bachelor's-level chemistry graduates who had received their degrees between July 2001 and June 2002 and who had taken full-time permanent jobs had a median salary of $31,000. This salary was down by $1,200 from the median for the year-earlier graduating class. For new master's-level chemistry graduates, the median was $45,000, up $2,000 for the year, and for new Ph.D.s, it was $67,500, down $2,000. Inexperienced graduates are those with less than 12 months of technical work experience prior to graduation. These mixed results typify the findings from the latest American Chemical Society annual survey of the starting salaries and employment status of new chemistry graduates living in the U.S. The study also reveals that the employment status for Ph.D.s held steadty and was quite strong, with a relatively high 45% of 2001-02 graduates having permanent fulltime jobs, the same as for the two previous years. However, both ...

The role of geographic mobility in reducing education‐job mismatches in the Netherlands

The impact of atypical employment on individual wellbeing: evidence from a panel of British workers

ABSTRACTAt a time when the proportion of full-time permanent jobs is decreasing and there is evidence of a growth in ‘peripheral’ forms of work, it is important to review the position of older workers, both men and women. Using data from the Labour Force Survey of 1984, it is shown that, while the employment rate falls sharply in the ten-year period prior to state retirement age, it is only those of post-retirement age who are disproportionately represented in peripheral forms of work. It is suggested that some ‘peripheral’ forms of work allow greater flexibility in age of retirement than permanent full-time jobs. While there are clear gender differences among those of pre-retirement age, with a higher proportion of women than men in peripheral jobs, there is a marked erosion of these gender differences amongst men and women who work beyond state retirement age.

The COVID-19 global pandemic and the lockdown policies enacted to mitigate it have had profound effects on the labour market. Understanding these effects requires us to obtain and analyse data in as close to real time as possible, especially as rules change rapidly and local lockdowns are enacted. This work studies the UK labour market by analysing data from the online job board Reed.co.uk, using topic modelling and geo-inference methods to break down the data by sector and geography. I also study how the salary, contract type, and mode of work have changed since the COVID-19 crisis hit the UK in March. Overall, vacancies were down by 60 to 70% in the first weeks of lockdown. By the end of the year numbers had recovered somewhat, but the total job ad deficit is measured to be over 40%. Broken down by sector, vacancies for hospitality and graduate jobs are greatly reduced, while there were more care work and nursing vacancies during lockdown. Differences by geography are less significant than between sectors, though there is some indication that local lockdowns stall recovery and less badly hit areas may have experienced a smaller reduction in vacancies. There are also small but significant changes in the salary distribution and number of full time and permanent jobs. As well as the analysis, this work presents an open methodology that enables a rapid and detailed survey of the job market in unsettled conditions and describes a web application jobtrender.com that allows others to query this data set.

This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the early labour market outcomes of Canadian postsecondary graduates based on the National Graduates Surveys, representing those who finished their college or university programs in 1982, 1986, and 1990. The major findings include that postsecondary graduates have generally been doing quite well as a group, with most finding full-time and permanent jobs, receiving reasonably high earnings, and otherwise successfully moving into the laour market according to the various outcomes measured here; that the school-to-work transition is clearly a process, rather than an event, with most outcomes improving significantly from two to five years following graduation; that these outcomes vary by level (College, Bachelor's, Master's, PhD) and sex; and that successive cohorts of graduates did not experience any widespread decline in their labour market fortunes over this period.

This last empirical chapter examines the effects of student employment on various labour market outcomes achieved by graduates after completion of Bachelor’s studies—the time they need to find a first job, a first full-time or permanent job, the duration of unemployment they experience, as well as the hourly wage, the level, and the content congruence at the job they hold one and a half years after graduation. The expectation is that work experience from study-related employment would favourably affect both the velocity (the time needed to find employment) and the quality of the school-to-work transition (employment quality one and a half years after graduation). Four theoretical reasons for this were discussed in Chapter 4: study-related work experience can provide occupation-specific human capital (Becker 1962, 1993), strong signals for skills on the labour market (Arrow 1973; Spence 1973), labour-market relevant information (Stigler 1961, 1962), and access to valuable social networks (Granovetter 1973, 1974).

For less developed countries to grow and develop there is an urgent need to graduate relevant high-quality students at the tertiary level. But students have cited non-tuition expenses such as housing, food, and transportation as the greatest barrier to tertiary education access, especially since many funding opportunities are geared towards the coverage of tuition costs only. The low access to tertiary education in Jamaica remains a threat to national development. Furthermore, with Jamaica being ranked second on the human flight and brain drain global index, it is critical for policymakers to address the concurrent low access to tertiary education and barriers to completion, through the development of evidence-based policies. This study which explores the often overlooked burden of non-tuition expenses on students and the potential impact on their academic performance is therefore scientifically relevant. The study analysed the non-tuition expenses of housing, transportation, and food in three tertiary institutions. Nine hundred and seventy-nine students completed the questionnaires through a quantitative approach to collect data from students in different disciplines. The study also evaluated the coping strategies of these students. Descriptive and relational analyses were done to determine the association between non-tuition expenses and several variables including hunger and academic performance.Non-tuition expenses among tertiary students in Jamaica are staggering. The key findings were: (1) non-tuition expenses exceeded tuition costs by more than 100% with housing contributing more than 50% to that cost. (2) Approximately 38% of students were found to be suffering from severe hunger and a statistically positive relationship was found between severe hunger and housing expenses. (3) Food insecurity was found to be a consequence of burdensome non-tuition expenses as students reported they skipped meals and reduced food consumption as cost-saving measures. (4) Students who enrolled part-time coped by working full-time jobs to help offset their financial obligations. (5) Despite the high non-tuition burden and innovative coping strategies the study found no statistical relationship between the non-tuition costs and the academic performance, measured by grade point average.The high opportunity cost of attending tertiary institutions in Jamaica is real. The coping strategies employed by students may present challenges for completing tertiary studies and for maintaining good physical and mental health. If left unaddressed, the non-tuition expenses associated with tertiary education may further decline access and reduce the number of graduates and by extension stifle the potential for national development. Keywords: Non tuition expenses, coping strategies, academic performance, Jamaica. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-4-05 Publication date: February 28 th 2023

Currently known data about ultramarathon medical issues has been collected from all combinations of ultramarathon race types (road, trail, etc.) and the population in those studies consists of mixed elite and recreational athletes. There are few studies concerning injuries related to musculoskeletal system injuries in ultramarathon runners. The study was conducted on total of 77 elite ultramarathoners based on a questionnaire-based survey. We studied the elite male and female athletes who participated in the 30th IAU 100-km World Championships held in Croatia, in 2018. Ultramarathon runners have higher percentage of lower-leg injuries and rehabilitation of those injuries tend to last longer as ultramarathon runners show specific training habits with less days off and hold a permanent, full-time job and often with a higher academic degree. Furthermore, also the mean age is higher. Ultramarathoners have a higher percentage of lower-leg injuries than runners who do not run distances beyond a marathon. In addition, rehabilitation tends to last longer. This may well be correlated also to their specific training loads with fewer days off and training whilst holding a permanent full-time job. Often, they also hold a higher academic degree with years spent in the education system which might influence their mindsets on the medical issues they encounter. Also, being older may also have a bearing on injury occurrence and rehabilitation time.

Risk Shifts in the Gig Economy: The Normative Case for an Insurance Scheme against the Effects of Precarious Work*

Contrasting the conservative German welfare state with the liberal market economy of the United Kingdom, this paper examines how each welfare regime affects the first-birth decisions of men and women under the conditions of either high labour market integration (full-time work in a permanent position) or occupational uncertainty (part-time work or work with a fixed-term contract). The results, which are based on BHPS and GSOEP data, suggest for Germany that occupational uncertainty hampers transitions to parenthood, but are inconclusive for the UK. Among highly educated women in both Germany and the UK, however, a high degree of labour market integration is found to delay family formation. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.) 1. Introduction Family formation is a key turning point in the life course, and for many potential parents today, achieving the financial security necessary to start a family is a difficult and time-consuming process. Recent research has focused on how fertility decisions are shaped by the relationship between social policies, labour market conditions, and the changing gender contract (Oppenheimer 1994, Brewster and Rindfuss 2000, Crompton and Lyonette 2006, McDonald and Meyers 2009). This study extends this research by investigating how individual labour market integration (i.e., obtaining a permanent full-time job that is in line with one's vocational training, and/or acquiring the education or professional record that provides access to such a job) might expedite the realisation of fertility plans by providing the economic resources needed to start a family. The welfare state plays a key role in this process by determining general labour market risks and options. Against this backdrop, couples have to decide whether their family plans require one or both partners to have a stable position in the labour market to compensate for low levels of welfare state support to families (Hobcraftand Kiernan 1995). Furthermore, they must do so in the context of culturally and institutionally embedded gender roles, which in some societies lead to conflicts between the occupational and domestic duties assigned to women. To better understand the role of institutions that structure male and female employment patterns and thereby affect family formation, I compare fertility choices in Germany (East and West) and the United Kingdom. These two countries provide a meaningful basis for comparison because, while they share traditional expectations of female caregivers, the UK has a lower level of welfare state protection and a more deregulated labour market than Germany. Thus, relative to Germany, the institutional features of the UK system tend to encourage female labour market engagement. Although this means that British women face particularly high hurdles in adapting to the competing demands of market and family roles, the total fertility rate in the UK clearly exceeds that of Germany (Figure 1). Against this backdrop, I aim to examine the micro-level mechanisms that explain fertility choices in the context of labour market participation in East and West Germany and the UK. Distinguishing country- and gender-specific effects, my analysis focuses on two aspects of the relationship between labour market integration and fertility decisions: first, I address the question of how the timing of the first birth is affected by the duration of active labour market participation under the assumption of increasing labour market integration over time; and, second, I investigate whether differences in the first- birth risk depend on being firmly established in the labour market, or on being exposed to occupational uncertainties. In other words, I consider the extent to which the fertility decisions of individuals who are strongly integrated into the labour market (defined as having a stable full-time job and/or high income) differ from those of individuals who are poorly integrated (defined as having discontinuous and/or precarious employment patterns). …