Abstract

Abstract After Stalin’s death in March 1953, his successors did not have the unity or the confidence to try to continue a regime of mass terror, consumer austerity, strict monolithism within the world communist movement, and nuclear confrontation with the outside world. They stepped back from each of these, but then found that they faced contradictions as to how much criticism, and of what kind, to allow their society to engage in; how much pluralism within the world communist movement; and how much concession to make to the West to reduce tensions. A similar dilemma concerning the role and scope of societal criticism was revealed in the same time period in China, where the Hundred Flowers campaign was launched and then revoked.

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