Whales of hope: Whaling heritage, tourism, and community belonging in twenty-first-century Japan

There are the reports the custom of eating rice gruel made with tea mainly on Western Japan. But its details are not clarified. In order to clarify the eaten reason and origin of it, the range of its custom and distribution in Kyoto, Osaka, Mie, Nara, and Wakayama prefecture in 1999 is investigated by Questionnaire. The Questionnaire was distributed to dietitians (age20-70) living in each area.1) The custom of eating rice gruel made with tea is distributed especially on the border of the prefectures, and also in the seaside districts of Wakayama and Osaka prefectures.2) Next to Wakayama prefecture, Nara prefecture has the most rice gruel made with tea, however this custom in all of them is on the decrease.3) Rice gruel made with tea is called Tyagayu rather than Okaisan by Osaka and Mie prefectures, but called Okaisan by Wakayama prefecture.4) The common materials added to rice gruel made with tea in the five areas are sweet potato, rice cake, and adzuki beans.5) The reason that the custom of eating rice gruel made with tea remains today is that it tastes good.

Detection of a novel tick-borne flavivirus and its serological surveillance

Research on Tourist Attractions Performance Promoting Method Based on the SWOT Analysis Method

More than a century ago, Kin-no-suke Miura, Professor of Internal Medicine of the University of Tokyo discovered a high prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Muro district, the mountainous areas of the southern Kii Peninsula (including the southern parts of the Mie and Wakayama prefectures) (Figure 3.1). In the early 1960s, Kimura, Yase and their colleagues performed a door-to-door survey on patients with ALS in the whole of the Muro district, and discovered two foci of extremely high ALS incidence (i.e. Hohara in the Mie prefecture and Kozagawa in the Wakayama prefecture; see Figure 3.1). ALS in these foci showed clinical signs and symptoms produced by selective anatomical involvement of the upper and lower motor neurones in the same manner as Charcot had described in sporadic ALS, unique neuropathological features were characterized by the presence of many neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) throughout the central nervous system as in ALS of the Chamorro people in Guam, another high-incidence ALS focus. In the 1960s, Gajdusek discovered a new ALS focus among the Auyu and Jakai people of southeastern West New Guinea. Foci of high-incidence ALS in the Kii Peninsula was thus segregated from classical ALS and classified as ‘Kii ALS’ or ‘Muro disease’, a member of the hyperendemic western Pacific ALS family.In Guam, another peculiar neurodegenerative disease or ‘parkinsonism–dementia complex’ (PDC) was discovered. PDC was characterized clinically by a combination of progressive dementia and atypical progressive parkinsonism poorly responsive to drugs, and neuropathologically by frontotemporal brain atrophy with presence of many NFTs in the whole central nervous system. Mixed ALS and PDC in which both features were clinically and neuropathologically overlapped were also identified, and ALS and PDC in these high-incidence foci were thus regarded as a spectrum of one disease entity or ALS/PDC. Extensive studies failed to solve the cause and pathogenesis of high-incidence ALS/PDC. Meanwhile, high-incidence rates of ALS markedly declined in the 1960s and 1970s, and spontaneously disappeared by the early 1980s in Guam. A similar decline of high-incidence rates of ALS during the 1980s was also reported in foci of the Kii Peninsula and West New Guinea.In early 1990s, Kuzuhara paid attention to the reoccurrence of ALS among residents in the Hohara focus. After several years’ investigations, we confirmed not only the high-incidence rates of ALS but also the coexistence of a high incidence of progressive parkinsonism and dementia associated with many NFTs in the central nervous system neuropathologically, reminiscent of PDC of Chamorro in Guam. The focus of this chapter is to review findings of recent research with respect to the Kii ALS/PDC from the Hohara focus, particularly regarding clinical features, neuroimaging studies, immunohistochemical findings of the brain and spinal cord, genetic studies, and recent epidemiological trends. We will also discuss new disease concepts derived from these findings.

PurposeThis study evaluates “the potential role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development at Musina Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa.”Design/methodology/approachData on the local communities were collected by questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and field observations.FindingsThe study revealed a variety of cultural and heritage resources; however, with current fewer implications of tourism welfare on the livelihoods statuses of the communities. Thus, there was a need for a potentially sound tourism strategy in cultural heritage resources to empower the local communities in the study area.Originality/valueMusina Municipality has some of the most challenging impoverishment attributes within the province, defined by evident poor livelihoods. However, it remarkably possesses rich natural biodiversity and tourism destination areas. In line with the probe on the role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development, the study uncovers the values of attributing factors associated with the current nature of social heritage resources and their impacts on tourism and community developments. Issues of heritage and cultural resources on tourism and community development have become of main interest within the tourism industry.

Necrotic diseases of the stems, petioles, and leaves of pea plants (Pisum sativumL.), leading to wilting and death, occur in the Wakayama and Mie Prefectures of Japan. Based on host range, symptomatology, electron microscopy, and serological relationships, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and three Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates (PE2, PE3A, and PB1) were isolated from diseased plants in the Wakayama Prefecture. In the Mie Prefecture, CMV (PEAN) also was isolated from pea plants with similar symptoms. Single infection with CMV (PB1 or PEAN) caused stem necrosis and eventual death of pea plants. Similar symptoms developed after double infection with WMV and PE2 or PE3A, whereas single infection with PE2 and PE3A induced symptomless infection in pea plants. We concluded either CMV alone or synergistic effects of mixed infection with CMV and WMV induced pea plant stem necrosis.

The article explains different approaches to the definition of the concept «tourist attraction». On the base of the analysis of different approaches, it is determined that tourist attraction is the property of a certain territory (city, district, region, zone, country, the group of countries) which meets the demand and needs of tourists. It was made clear that the level of tourist attractiveness is influenced by a number of factors, among which tourist resources and tourist infrastructure are important. According to the factors of influence, the components of tourist attractiveness are presented. It is determined that a number of methods and criteria are used to assess the attractiveness of territories and objects, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. It is noted that the shortcomings of certain assessment methods can be minimized as the result of the introduction of certain reservations. It was made clear that in international practice tourist attractiveness is determined by the greatest demand among tourists in regions with rich natural, cultural and historical resources, geographical location, the level of infrastructure development which depends on investment, recreational and tourist resources, and environmental state of a region. It is proved that in Ukraine the territories and tourist zones which have the most valuable elements of the ecological framework (forests, clear rivers, sea coasts, lakes, ponds, etc.) and outstanding historical monuments and places are called tourist-attractive. It is generalized that the expediency and necessity of the quantitative assessment of tourist attractiveness at the level of a country, sphere or a certain region is explained by the identification of those areas whose development stimulation will lead to the possibility of obtaining a positive economic effect in the near future.

Since the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, rural tourism has gradually become an important industry to promote rural economic development and increase farmers’ income. At the same time, the development and utilization of cultural and tourism resources have also received attention. There are rich cultural tourism resources in Xima Village, Jixi County, Anhui Province, but the level of development and utilization is not high. Guided by the “point axis” Development theory, this paper comprehensively considered the cultural and tourism resources stock, landscape spatial layout, and regional economic and social development of Xima Village, explored and determined the important tourism nodes and development axis in the village, proposed the “Four enhancements” action model, and constructed the tourism landscape spatial structure of “one core, two axes, and three areas”, in order to optimize the development path of rural cultural and tourism resources activation, inheritance, and utilization, Bringing development opportunities to rural tourism.

九寨沟景观游憩价值评估及空间分异研究

Southern African tourism is dominated by natural resources that sustain safari tourism operated in the region’s national parks and game reserves. While this pattern of development brings a much needed income to governments in the region, it lacks other important characteristics such as social beneficiation and diversification of tourists’ experience. The use of cultural and heritage resources in southern African tourism provide potential to address these loopholes by broadening the scope of engagement and adding diversity to both the tourism product and the tourists’ experience. For this balance to be realised, several new ways of operating tourism have to be explored. They include diversification of natural resources management models to include approaches specifically tailored to conserve and attract cultural heritage resources use. For instance, the community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) programme has to be partnered with a community-based cultural heritage resources (COBACHREM) model described in Chap. 4 of this book. In addition, juxtaposition of cultural heritage resources in nature reserve tourism interpretations can diversify tourism experiences. Furthermore, compilation of cultural resources in tourism gateway localities of natural value can enhance tourism value of localities that lie in periphery of nature reserves, thus reducing overdependency on protected nature reserves as sole sources of tourism packages. In implementing the strategies, characteristics of tourism and their implications on cultural heritage have to be monitored to achieve sustainable use of cultural resources.

This paper analyzes the cultural tourism resources of Hainan Province from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. There are two types of cultural tourism resources: landscape cultural tourism resources and social humanities tourism resources. Based on the input-output theory and input elements such as labor and capital in the production function, combined with the principles of scientific, systematic, and availability of index selection, an evaluation index system for the utilization efficiency of cultural tourism resources in Hainan Province is constructed. The entropy value method is used to determine the weights of Hainan Province’s cultural tourism resources, and the comprehensive scores of Hainan Province’s cultural tourism cities and counties are calculated and taken as the endowment value of tourism resources. With the advantage of the DEA method, the cultural tourism resources of Hainan Province are further measured using the DEA method with the Malmquist index model. The input indicators for Hainan Province’s cultural tourism resources are infrastructure input (23.54%), cultural resources (21.05%), labor input (19.88%), capital input (19.84%), and information technology support (15.69%). In terms of the overall mean value of the IT efficiency measurement for the tourism industry in Sanya, the IT efficiency of all cities and counties fluctuates between 0.85 and 1, with insignificant differences. During the measurement period, the maximum value appeared in 2017 and 2022, indicating that the information technology conditions and management level of Sanya’s tourism industry are in an optimal state in general during this period.

The purpose of the article is to assess the tourism attractiveness of Poltava District, Poltava Region, using GISbased analysis, and to identify the spatial distribution of key tourism resources and infrastructure across the territorial communities. The main material. The GIS-based methodology for analyzing tourism attractiveness involves a comprehensive approach with several stages: data collection and processing, thematic map creation, spatial analysis, and visualization of the results. To assess the tourism attractiveness of the Poltava district in Poltava region, we applied the criteria of scenic beauty, availability of tourist attractions, availability of accommodation facilities, and transport accessibility. The research was conducted in ArcGIS Desktop 10.8. To identify the most scenic areas, buffer zones were created around layers of water bodies, forests, and territories with high terrain dissection. To calculate the level of provision with tourist attractions, the number of attractions of each type within the district’s communities was determined. For the analysis of accommodation facilities, 30 km service zones were generated around the respective objects. To assess the transport accessibility of the communities, distances were measured between their centers and the city of Poltava, which is the administrative center of both the district and the region. Relevant indices were calculated for each criterion, as well as an overall Tourism Attractiveness Index for each territorial community of Poltava District. Maps of natural and recreational resources, tourist attractions, and tourism attractiveness of the study area were compiled. Conclusions. The territorial communities of Poltava District demonstrate varying levels of tourism attractiveness, combining rich natural and cultural resources with different degrees of transport accessibility and infrastructure development. The most attractive for tourism are the Poltavska and Shcherbanivska communities (due to their scenic landscapes and favorable transport accessibility), while the least attractive are Skorokhodivska, Drabynivska, Martynivska, and Nekhvoroshchanska (because of limited infrastructure and fewer tourist attractions). Overall, Poltava district has a solid foundation for tourism development, with significant opportunities to enhance its attractiveness through improved infrastructure and the promotion of local heritage.

ササユリの地理的変異を明確にすることを目的とし, 各地から収集した系統を1996年11月から1997年7月にかけて一斉に栽培した.栽培中の形態と生理的形質について9項目に地理的な相違または勾配が認められた.そのうち, 地理的な傾向が比較的明瞭な8形質を用い主成分分析を行い, 次の5型を認めた.1. 和歌山県と三重県(紀伊半島)の型.晩生・中型・細い葉・出芽から開花に8週以上を要する.2. 静岡県から兵庫県に分布する型.中生・中型・葉が細い.3. 岐阜県および石川県から山口県および愛媛県に分布する型.晩生・大型・葉が広い.4. 新潟県から鳥取県および奈良県にかけて分布する型.やや早生・やや小型・葉が広い.5. 徳島県と宮崎県に分布する型.早生・小型または中型・花被色が強い.

Contemporary gastronomic studies acknowledge the importance of local cuisine as a fundamental component of a destination's attributes, qualifying its status as a tourist attraction. However, this status in Botswana is presently underdeveloped, despite the huge untapped potential presented by the local Setswana cuisine as an option for tourism diversification. Using the cultural capital theory, this study assessed two main symbolisms of food consumption in tourism: the acceptance of local cuisine (hence tourism potential) and its role as a marker of national identity. An expert opinion survey incorporating the views of a typical case purposive sample of 63 food and beverage managers, tourism administrators, and academics in Gaborone was used to assess these two forms of symbolisms. From a list of 28 cuisine types compiled through literature review, experts highly regarded seswaa (pound boiled beef), both in terms of tourism potential and as a marker of national identity. A fourgrid tourism potential national identity matrix developed from this study also identified 12 cuisine types that could receive high priority in the development of cuisine tourism in Botswana. However, despite this recognition, there is limited culinary infrastructure and cultural capital that could be used to transform or create a culinary staging that could move this potential into touristic value. Therefore, the study recommends increased appreciation of traditional cuisine as tourism resources, through the creation of appropriate touristic add-ons and continued research in identifying the specific attributes of such cuisine that could be used as unique selling points.

Langzhong City has abundant cultural and tourism resources, with numerous famous cultural and tourism attractions such as Langzhong Ancient City and Tengwang Pavilion. At the same time, the Langzhong Municipal Government also closely adheres to the goal of "high-quality construction of world ancient city tourism destinations" and unwaveringly adheres to the development strategy of "strengthening the city through industry and revitalizing the city through culture and tourism". However, there are many problems in the Japanese translation and promotion of cultural and tourist attractions in Langzhong City, which will greatly constrain the healthy development of the tourism industry in Langzhong City. Therefore, this article focuses on studying the Japanese translation issues of famous cultural and tourist attractions in Langzhong City, including the Japanese translation gaps of scenic spots, as well as the mistranslation and omission of some scenic spots. Based on this, targeted translation strategies are proposed to address the issues of Japanese translation gaps, inconsistent Japanese names, mistranslation and omission of unique cultures (such as Spring Festival culture), and Chinese Japanese expressions in Japanese translated texts of cultural and tourist attractions in Langzhong City.