Abstract
The technological advancements in wireless communication and miniaturization of sensor nodes have resulted in the development of Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSNs) which can be effectively used for remote patient monitoring. Remote patient monitoring is one such application of wireless sensor networks which is becoming increasingly prevalent in healthcare. The healthcare applications of the WMSNs are delay-sensitive and require timely delivery of patient-critical data. However, the frequent exchange of critical data packets results in higher delays, collisions, packet drop, and re-transmissions. Consequently, it brings a detrimental impact on the performance of the WMSNs. In addition, the implanted biomedical sensor nodes produce electromagnetic radiations, pose a serious threat of damaging sensitive tissues in the human body. Protecting tissue damage requires thermal-aware routing protocols. However, most of the thermal-aware routing protocols developed for the WBSNs primarily focused on minimizing temperature, while overlooking the energy conservation goal and optimization of route selection. In this paper, we propose a weighted, QoS-based, energy and temperature-aware routing protocol, referred to as (WETRP), for the WMSNs that utilizes a composite routing metric by keeping in view temperature, remaining node energy, and link-delay estimation during route selection decisions. The simulation results presented in the paper demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of preventing temperature rise, dealing with hotspot nodes, and maximizing network's lifetime.
Highlights
This Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) is a type of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that is related to healthcare applications
Radio signals generated by wireless communication are absorbed by human tissue which results in a temperature rise around the implanted sensor nodes and could result in sensitive tissue damage [8]
It is observed that the temperature of relay nodes increases with the increasing data rate, this is due to the fact that each forwarded packet results in temperature rise, and it results in the creation of frequent hotspot nodes
Summary
This Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) is a type of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that is related to healthcare applications. A WBSN consists of minute biomedical sensor nodes which can be placed strategically on the body or implanted inside the human tissues that promise to provide cost-effective and real-time solutions for health monitoring by diagnosing various life-threatening diseases at their preliminary stage [1]. Effective energy utilization is a key challenge for routing protocols to be designed for WBSNs. Keeping in view thermal effects and limited energy challenges, the concept of relay nodes has been coined by [13]–[16] to increase network lifetime and minimize temperature rise of the biomedical sensor nodes implanted inside human tissues. It is observed that thermal-aware routing protocols exclusively focus on temperature rise while the focus of the energy-aware schemes is to maximize network lifetime. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: section-II describes the related work, section-III present the details of WETRP, section-IV present the results and section-V conclude and present the future work
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