Abstract
Elk Island National Park, located in the southern part of the boreal forest of western Canada contains a wide variety of wetland types. The relationship of extant wetland vegetation is strongest to ionic water chemistry gradients and physical parameters such as mean water level, hummock height, elevation of the site, and the number of inlet and outlet streams. Successional development of a range of wetlands including bog, fen, and marsh are examined through stratigraphy and macrofossils. Analysis of three peat deposits located in small morainic depressional basins reveals that the wetlands are younger than 5620 yBP, and have early aquatic seral stages. Two parallel successional sequences were identified in the park, an aquatic — rich fen — poor fen — bog sequence and an aquatic — marsh — swamp sequence. Digression of the wetlands into different extant wetland types is not related to the age of the formation, peat depth, nor climate, but appears to be related to local edaphic features such as site elevation and catchment hydrology.
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