Abstract
The rapid economic growth in Western Europe and improved East-West relations determined the course of political development from 1948 through the 1960s. Spared serious economic crisis after 1948, the politically moderate and right-of-center forces in the major Western European countries were not challenged seriously by the left. Growing economic affluence, combined with government extension of social welfare services and full employment policies, stilled demands for truly revolutionary political change. Parties on the left, kept from office by the improving economic conditions and their own revolutionary rhetoric, began to adopt reformist rather than revolutionary policies. Moderate reformers, such as Willy Brandt in West Germany, emerged as the new leaders of Socialist parties.
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