Weaving Gender: Men, Women, and the Mormon Home Manufacture Movement

Centralized and distributed food manufacture: A modeling platform for technological, environmental and economic assessment at different production scales

Plants and Water

Purpose – This study proposes a process for remanufacturing waste electrical and electronic equipment, and exporting part of the remanufactured products, which are processed in bonded port areas, to less developed countries by using a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). The purpose of this paper is to verify the profitability of remanufacturing and to find conditions under which exporting remanufactured products can increase and maximize the home manufacturer’s total profit while performing his environmental responsibility. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the CLSC approach to construct the model, which involves two different markets where a Stackelberg game exists. The study derives an equilibrium under which an optimal quantity for exporting increases and maximizes the home manufacturer’s profits. Findings – The authors discuss the influences of seven factors, and three are determinant parameters on whether the home manufacturer should export its remanufactured products: the privileges of the bonded port area, the home market consumers’ green awareness, and the degree of competence in products in the foreign market. If the market conditions at home and abroad meet the requirements of these three determinant parameters, entering the foreign market can always help the home manufacturer make more profits regardless of whether its home market increases or decreases, how many used products can be collected, and whether the foreign local manufacturer is technically competitive. Originality/value – The authors expand previous studies on CLSC by considering two different markets that allow the home manufacturer to either sell remanufactured products to the home market or export to the foreign market.

The centrality of salt within the political and economic history of India is well established in recent scholarship. Its significance was particularly profound in the western region of Gujarat; long before the arrival of the British, the princely state of Baroda had a tradition of salt manufacturing. With both government-owned pans and widespread ‘home manufacturing’ operating within the state, salt was undeniably critical to the local economy. It also held a cultural significance. In the mid-1800s, with the introduction of the British salt monopoly, these industries were officially subsumed by the colonial state. However, in their efforts to enforce the monopoly and suppress ‘illicit’ production, the British continued to face considerable resistance from all levels of the Baroda administration into the twentieth century. This article examines the contestations that occurred between the colonial and princely authorities over the issue of salt, particularly on the frontiers where jurisdiction was uncertain. It asserts that, through these processes, salt came to represent a crucial battleground for debates concerning legal sovereignty, subjecthood and economic autonomy.

This report provides an assessment of technology used in manufacturing modular homes in the United States, and that used in the German prefabricated wooden home industry. It is the first step toward identifying the research needs in automation and manufacturing methods that will facilitate mass customization in the home manufacturing industry. Within the United States, a relatively low level of technology was found in domestic modular home manufacturers. Raw material transportation was mostly manual; manually operated saws sized raw materials; cranes were used to move subassemblies, and modules were pushed by hand or with a battery-powered pusher. German prefabricated home manufacturers used closed panels to construct walls, roofs, and floors rather than modular construction. Three levels of automation were identified: manual, semi-automated, and fully automated. Manual production methods were similar to those found in the United States. In semi-automated factories, automated machinery was used, but an operator was required to manually load, unload, and start the machine. The fully automated factories had equipment capable of machining and transferring panel components and placing and fastening components together. Such investment in automation is risky in the cyclic housing industry. The modular factory has elevated homebuilding from a craft to mass production, but flexibility is reduced and significant customization is difficult. Future research should examine the cost ef-fectiveness of using high levels of automation, software, and equipment in the U.S. homebuilding industry and whether it can profitably provide the manufacturing flexibility for mass customization. Alternatively, the use of lean manufacturing in modular home factories to realize the same benefits needs to be examined.

I. Definition and varieties, 600. — II. Tokens issued prior to 1800, 602. — Foreign, 603. — Home manufacture, 605. — III. Tokens issued from 1800 to 1861, 608. — War of 1812 period, 608. — Jacksonian era, 611. — Gold tokens, 617. — Georgia, 617. — North Carolina, 618. — California, 620. — Miscellaneous, 624. — IV. Tokens issued since 1861, 626. — Civil War period, 626. — Period after Civil War, 634.

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has proven that how supply chain management (SCM) can become a crucial process for sustainability of the world's production/service. The global supply chain crisis during pandemic has affected most of the sectors. Home and personal care products manufacturers are among them. In this study (1) the problems at SCM of personal and home care products manufacturers during pandemic are discussed with the help of medium-size manufacturer and (2) the factors affecting suppliers' performance for the relevant sector during COVID-19 are analyzed comprehensively.Design/methodology/approachThe importance of the factors is evaluated using fuzzy cognitive maps that can help to reveal hidden casual relationships with the help of expert knowledge. In order to eliminate subjectivity due to usage of expert knowledge, the maps are trained with a hybrid learning approach that consists of Non-linear Learning and Extended Great Deluge Algorithms to increase robustness of the analysis.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that the factors such as general quality level of products/services, compliance to delivery time, communication skills and total production capacity of suppliers have been crucial factors during pandemic.Originality/valueWhile the implementation of the hybrid learning approach on supply chain can fill the gap in the relevant literature, the promising results of the study can prove the convenience of the methodology to model the of complex systems like supply chain processes.

Local and decentralised scenarios for ice-cream manufacture: A model-based assessment at different production scales

THERE is a school of economics which lays stress on the importance of exports in order that Great Britain may pay for its imports. At the same time, the home manufacturers ask for some measure of protection so that they can supply the home markets and maintain a manufacturing plant of sufficient size to ensure reasonable costs. An industry which has progressed quite rapidly in Great Britain since the Great War is that of making chemical plant, about which the Industrial Chemist of November has published some interesting statistics. The export trade has gone up from a figure of 100 in 1933 to 131 in the first nine months of 1936. The plant exported goes to less highly industrialized countries and, therefore, is not of the same complexity and costliness of design which the home market demands: thus the average value this year is £67 per ton. Australia and South Africa are now the chief customers for British chemical plant. Great Britain also imports chemical plant, and since there is increasing activity in the chemical industry, the amount of this has increased more than three-fold since 1935, though there are now signs of abatement. The average value per ton this year is £143. Most of the plant, which is generally of a highly specialized nature, has come from Germany. These figures give no indication of the activities of the British plant manufacturers in the home trade, but the same number of the Lndustrial Chemist seeks to remedy this by several pages of pictures of actual plant and new equipment which has been delivered this year, featured under the heading of “Progress”.

At the annual meeting of Cow & Gate Ltd., in April, the Chairman of the Company said: “I think everyone looks forward to the day when the Ministry of Food ceases to exist. This is not meant in any way to reflect upon the ability with which this Ministry was administered during the war and immediate post‐war years, but a Ministry of Food should not really be necessary in peace‐time. Before the war the milk industry was largely governed by the Milk Marketing Board, and we have great admiration for the Board’s activities; but it was representative only of the producers’ side of this great industry. The distributive and manufacturing trade in the British Isles has grown out of all knowledge since 1939, and this country has relied more and more upon home manufacture as well as home production, both during and since the war. If some of the powers at present delegated to the Ministry of Food are to be placed in other hands, they should in all fairness be shared by the producers, distributors and manufacturers, who have at least an equal stake financially and who should be equally capable of discharging these duties in a conscientious and publicspirited manner. In my opinion, moreover, the day is long outlived when it can possibly be expedient or in the public interest to allow a statutory body representing purely producers’ interests to be the sole arbiter in regard to such a vital matter as the nation’s milk supply.”

During the nineteenth century newly invented clayworking machinery offered potential solutions to production problems in the British brickmaking industry. Three different mechanical brickmaking processes were available, but a combination of design imperfections and restrictions imposed by the excise duties on bricks discouraged their adoption in ordinary brickyards for many decades. This posed a serious dilemma for machine inventors. Without an opportunity to test machinery in brickmaking situations, they were unable to correct defects and produce implements that were clearly superior to hand brickmaking methods. For as long as brickmakers rejected mechanisation, the technical development of machinery was effectively halted. A breakthrough occurred in the 1840s when a lucrative new market emerged for machines capable of manufacturing large quantities of drainage pipes and tiles in rural locations. The exhibitions and implement trials at meetings of the Royal Agricultural Society of England were a decisive factor in the continuing technical development of clayworking machinery. Agricultural consumers, through debate, evaluation and negotiation with machine makers, ultimately determined the success of one mechanical clayworking process over others, and established the direction of future technological change in the brickmaking industry.

ABSTRACTEmerging trends in market dynamics and the use of new psychoactive substances are both a public health concern and a complex regulatory issue. One novel area of investigation is the availability of homemade opioids, amphetamines and dissociatives, and the potential fueling of interest in clandestine home manufacture of drugs via the Internet. We illustrate here how online communal folk pharmacology of homemade drugs on drug website forums may actually inform home manufacture practices or contribute to the reduction of harms associated with this practice. Discrepancies between online information around purification and making homemade drugs safer, and the synthesis of the same substances in a proper laboratory environment, exist. Moderation and shutdown of synthesis queries and discussions online are grounded in drug websites adhering to harm-reduction principles by facilitating discussions around purification of homemade drugs only. Drug discussion forums should consider reevaluating their policies on chemistry discussions in aiming to reach people who cannot or will not refrain from cooking their own drugs with credible information that may contribute to reductions in the harms associated with this practice.

Fabbing has become synonymous with home manufacturing, but will its growing popularity challenge traditional large-scale production?

Towards the decentralisation of food manufacture: effect of scale production on economics, carbon footprint and energy demand

The Texas A&M Smart and Connected Homes Testbed was developed to enable testing and fair comparison of different smart home technologies and grid-interactive capabilities. Having an accurate building model allows researchers to design and optimize smart home systems before implementing them into the experimental testbed. The Modelica Buildings library gives researchers the flexibility to prototype buildings and energy systems to apply to their research projects. This study develops a Modelica model using the Buildings library for the building envelope of the testbed homes using data from the home manufacturer. The A/C system model is developed from the device’s rated performance data. Each model goes through independent testing before implementation in the complete building model. In the future, real data from the lab homes will be used to tune these models to ensure accurate performance before a final model is made for testing.