Abstract
We present a new continuous-wave wearable diffuse optical probe aimed at investigating the hemodynamic response of locally advanced breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy infusions. The system consists of a flexible printed circuit board that supports an array of six dual wavelength surface-mount LED and photodiode pairs. The probe is encased in a soft silicone housing that conforms to natural breast shape. Probe performance was evaluated using tissue-simulating phantoms and in vivo normal volunteer measurements. High SNR (71 dB), low source-detector crosstalk ( ? 60 ?? dB ), high measurement precision (0.17%), and good thermal stability (0.22% V rms / ° C ) were achieved in phantom studies. A cuff occlusion experiment was performed on the forearm of a healthy volunteer to demonstrate the ability to track rapid hemodynamic changes. Proof-of-principle normal volunteer measurements were taken to demonstrate the ability to collect continuous in vivo breast measurements. This wearable probe is a first of its kind tool to explore prognostic hemodynamic changes during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
Highlights
Optical wearables may provide new opportunities for tracking healthy and disease states longitudinally, including time points currently unobtainable with standard-of-care clinical imaging modalities
This work demonstrated the performance of a new, deep-tissue, optical wearable probe designed for monitoring breast cancer patients during presurgical chemotherapy
There are several application-specific considerations that affected the design of this probe and differentiate it from other ambulatory and wearable diffuse optical devices that have been developed for monitoring cerebral or muscle oxygenation
Summary
Optical wearables may provide new opportunities for tracking healthy and disease states longitudinally, including time points currently unobtainable with standard-of-care clinical imaging modalities. FD and TD techniques provide separation of optical absorption and scattering effects but typically require modulated or pulsed laser sources and sensitive avalanche photodiodes or photomultiplier tube detectors.[3,4,5] CW techniques can provide relative changes in tissue chromophores if assumptions or prior knowledge of the wavelength dependence of scattering are available.[6] In situations in which the optical scattering can be assumed to be time-invariant, CW DOI or DOS can be used to monitor hemodynamic and metabolic changes in tissue with relatively simple instrumentation and analysis techniques This is especially relevant over short time periods (seconds to hours).[7,8,9] Measurements are possible with inexpensive LEDs and photodiodes, and surface-mount packaging of these components reduces the device footprint and facilitates the design of flexible optical probes that can be used in direct contact with skin. A normal volunteer was measured continuously over a period of 10 min to evaluate the stability and comfort of the probe
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