Wear Testing of Composite, Gold, Porcelain, and Enamel Opposing a Removable Cobalt–Chromium Partial Denture Alloy

Abstract

Eighty percent of all removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks are fabricated from cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys. The advantages of this material include low density and high modulus of elasticity, hardness, and strength. Hardness is of particular concern when related to excessive wear of natural teeth or restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in localized wear among enamel, composite, gold, and porcelain by a Co-Cr alloy RPD. Thirty-two polished specimens were prepared and positioned in an acrylic-filled custom fixture for testing. Upon optical examination, the highly polished surfaces of the specimens were scratch-free. They were mounted into a water bath fixture and subjected to 250,000 cycles in a wear simulator equipped with a conical Co-Cr stylus specially fabricated to produce localized wear. A posttest was generated, and the profiles were fitted and evaluated using software. The total volume loss and depth of the wear facet on each specimen were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test. Volume loss (mm3) was as follows: composite, 0.110; gold, 0.021; enamel, 0.008; porcelain, 0.006. The maximum depths (microm) were: composite, 92; gold, 22; enamel, 13; porcelain, 17. Resin composite had significantly higher values (p < 0.0001) of volumetric loss and maximum depth than the other materials. No significant differences were detected among volumetric loss and maximum depth values for gold, enamel, and porcelain. Significant differences for mean wear volume loss and maximum depth were found between composite and gold, enamel, and porcelain. Enamel proved to be wear resistant to the Co-Cr alloy. porcelain and gold appear to be good options for occlusal surfaces opposing a Co-Cr alloy; however, the test composite was not found to be a recommended option.