Abstract
PET/CT scanners provide intrinsically co‐registered CT and PET images in a single scan session, which can then be viewed together as a fused image showing both anatomy and function. This in particular allows for excellent localization of features in the PET image. Furthermore, with the CT scan performed prior to the PET scan, routine attenuation correction of the acquired PET data is possible. The use of CT images for this purpose in PET/CT scanners has the advantages of shorter scan times and effectively noiseless transmission images as compared to the transmission scans that are used in standalone PET cameras. This does however require the non‐trivial step of transforming the CT images to 511 keV attenuation images that are reprojected to obtain the desired attenuation correction factors. This lecture will describe the use of CT images for attenuation correction in PET/CT scanners and address the advantages and challenges of this procedure and the use of fused images in the clinical environment. Improved attenuation correction procedures to take account of different kVp settings in the CT protocol, as well as the particular challenges in emerging applications such as cardiac PET/CT will be addressed.Educational Objectives:1. Review the principles of attenuation correction in PET and the implementation of this procedure using CT images in PET/CT imaging.2. Understand the particular challenges of CT‐based attenuation correction, including the choice of respiration protocols and other problems of patient motion, the use of CT contrast agent, and the presence of foreign objects in the body.3. Review the advantages of image fusion in PET/CT, and the clinical challenges of registering the CT and PET imaging modalities that remain, such as respiration.
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