Abstract
The maximum external force acting on a long continuous harbor structure can be reduced by controlling the phase difference of forces acting longitudinally. This strategy can be used to increase the structural stability of breakwaters consisting of caissons. Breakwaters have been developed using interlocking caissons to effectively respond to the constant increase in wave height due to climate change. In this study, we investigated the wave force characteristics and stability of a detached breakwater consisting of open cell caissons interlocked via crushed stones. We performed wave basin experiments and compared the results with analytical solutions of linear diffraction waves. The results revealed that the maximum wave force acting on the front of the breakwater decreased as the incident angle increased, reducing by as much as 79% for an incident angle of 30°. Although the variability of the maximum wave force for each caisson is large owing to the influence of the diffracted waves, the maximum wave force acting on the entire detached breakwater was not significantly affected by this variability. The analytical solutions based on linear wave theory agreed with the experimental results, indicating that the findings can be applied to actual designs. The structural stability of the breakwater was enhanced, even for low incident wave angles, compared to that of a single integral structure, as the frictional resistance produced by the sliding structure increased due to the shear resistance between the filled crushed stones and the rubble mound.
Highlights
According to a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1], the global mean sea level is expected to rise by approximately 0.26 to 0.77 m by 2100 as a result of a global warming-induced temperature rise of 1.5 ◦ C
The elongated structure has high internal stability owing to this effect, which is difficult to consider in the design, but may be the best alternative to withstand waves that vary significantly from the design height due to climate change
The wave force characteristics and stability of detached breakwaters based on open cell caissons were investigated through hydraulic experiments in a wave basin and analytical solutions
Summary
According to a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1], the global mean sea level is expected to rise by approximately 0.26 to 0.77 m by 2100 as a result of a global warming-induced temperature rise of 1.5 ◦ C. Reinforced coastal structures in Korea have incurred damages owing to the high waves caused by recent typhoons [4]. The main cause of these damages was that the heights of the waves generated by the typhoon were greater than those of the waves considered in the design of the reinforcements. The change in wave heights over a period of 10 years may be an effect of the increase in typhoon intensity as a result of climate change due. Water 2020, 12, 2873 of the increase in typhoon intensity as a result of climate change due to global warming. Decreases when and the Liu wave enters the that elongated structure In force addition, it is Shimosako and Burcharth [9]obliquely analytically showed the maximum wave decreases possible substantially the elongated effect of large wave In pressure fluctuations in the longitudinal when theto wave obliquely reduce enters the structure.
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