Abstract
Food industry is one of the most important and fastest growing sectors of economy in Poland. This sector is also characterized by high demand for the resources, particularly for water. Polish food industrial plants consumed 793 hm3 of water in 2014. Dairy branch had a combined 35% share of the above consumption. As shown by the data obtained from the Polish Central Statistical Office, the majority of dairy plants use its own source of water, so this branch is also important water producer in Poland. Water used for dairy industry should meet the requirements of at least drinking water quality, so the factories need to treat the water. This paper analyses the correlations between selected technical process, equipment profiles and water quality, and consumption in two types of dairy factories (DF). The first one DF-1 processes approx. 50,000 L of milk, and the second, DF-2 processes approx. 330,000 L of milk per day. The water taken from the wells needs to be pre-treated because of iron and manganese concentration and due to specific requirements in various industrial processes. As a result of this work, we have managed to propose technological solutions in the context of water consumption rationalization. The proposed solutions aim at improving water and wastewater management by reducing the amount of consumed water by industry.
Highlights
Water is used in various areas of business and industry; it is subject to the regulations that control the market (Becker 2016)
In 2014, Polish industrial sector generated more than 7876 hm3 of sewage, out of which 734.5 hm3 falls in the dairy industry, as analyzed further in this article (Central Statistical Office 2015)
The problems of environment protection in the industrial sectors are becoming more and more relevant, with strict legal requirements that imply considerable investments. This encourages researchers to look for new systemic solutions and methodologies to improve efficiency of water management
Summary
Water is used in various areas of business and industry; it is subject to the regulations that control the market (Becker 2016). With regard to the industry, the food sector has one of the highest water consumption and is one of the biggest producers of effluent per unit of production. The food sector generates a large volume of sludge during biological wastewater treatment (Anielak 2008; BriãoI and Granhen Tavares 2007). The food industry, in Poland, is one of the most important and fastest growing sectors of economy (Wojdalski et al 2013). Looking at the Polish food industry in terms of water resources, it has consumed more than 793 hm of water resources in 2014. In 2014, Polish industrial sector generated more than 7876 hm of sewage, out of which 734.5 hm falls in the dairy industry, as analyzed further in this article (Central Statistical Office 2015)
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