Abstract
Attempts to restore the Marshes of Southern Iraq (re-marshification) have started in the summer of 2003. After about 18 years, very little has been achieved in the restoration process. The inundated areas fluctuate on an annual basis. The water-covered areas increase during wet years and shrink during dry years. One component of the re-marshification is missing; that is a plan based on actual water flow data and supplies. As a result, the vast area of the original marshes is suffering from saline water and ecological deterioration. In this paper, sustained water supplies are specified to restore an area of about 4440 km2, about 55.5% of the marshes area of 1973, and reclaim the salinity problem of Shatt al-Arab. The basic components of the water supplies scheme come from two sources: the first is the environmental flow from the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Karkheh, and the Karun rivers, and the second is the seasonal flows generated along the eastern borderline of Iraq (i.e., The Iraq-Iran Borderline). The proposed scheme requires some engineering works to convey the water flow to the intended Marshes area and isolate Shatt al-Arab from the marshes hydraulically.
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