Water Literacy of Secondary School Students: A Scale Development Study

This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the CDPQOL questionnaire, a coeliac disease (CD)-specific paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument (CDPQOL), in Spanish children with CD. The CDPQOL questionnaire has two versions for children aged 8-12 and 13-18. Translation and linguistic validation were performed following an international consensus process. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, and convergent validity was assessed with average variance extracted (AVE). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), when necessary, were carried out to assess the construct validity. A total of 235 children were included. In the 8-12 age group, a change in the distribution of items to a new structure of three dimensions (negative emotions, food feelings and social interaction) was required. In this new model, CFA supported the fit of the model (χ2/gl = 1.79, RMSEA = 0.077 (IC 95% 0.05-0.100), CFI = 0.969, TLI 0.960, SRMR = 0.081) and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions. In the 13-18 age group, CFA showed that all fit indexes were acceptable (χ2/gl = 1.702, RMSEA = 0.102 (IC 95% 0.077-0.127), p < 0.001, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.103) and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions, except for uncertainty dimension. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the CDPQOL questionnaire is a useful instrument to assess quality of life in coeliac children whose native language was Spanish spoken in Spain, with changes in item distribution in the younger age group questionnaire. What is Known: • The first specific questionnaire for coeliac children, Dutch Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDDUX), which focuses on diet, was translated into Spanish and validated allowing to evaluate the HRQoL of Spanish coeliac children. • Spanish Children and parents feel the disease had no substantial negative impacts on patient HRQoL using this questionnaire, similar to that observed with other countries. What is New: • The age specific for CD children (CDPQOL) was elaborated in the USA and focuses on other aspects not evaluated by CDDUX such as emotional and social issues related to living with CD. • The CDPQOL was translated into Spanish and validated allowing it to be used to assess Spanish coeliac children's QoL.

Background Validated instruments are limited in the literature to assess the infodemic management capacity of the healthcare professionals. This methodological study aimed to develop and validate a scale for measuring the infodemic management capacity of the healthcare professionals. Methods The study was conducted between September 2024 and April 2025 with a total of 495 healthcare professionals working at a university hospital in Ankara, Türkiye. The participants were divided into two groups for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) (n = 250) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (n = 245). Expert opinions were obtained to evaluate the content validity of the scale. Construct validity was assessed through EFA and CFA. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The discriminatory power of the items was examined via corrected item-total correlations. Comparisons between the upper and lower 27% groups were conducted. The study was approved by the university's research ethics committee. Results Of the participants, 71.7% were female. Physicians comprised 65% of the sample, followed by nurses (23%) and other healthcare professionals (12%). EFA revealed a four-factor structure with 20 items, explaining 54% of the total variance. The factors were labeled as follows: Listening to the Community (3 items), Supporting Communication (5 items), Building Resilience (6 items), and Engaging and Empowering Communities (6 items). Both first- and second-order CFA supported this structure, indicating acceptable model fit. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients for each factor exceeded .70 (range: .71-.92). All items demonstrated adequate discriminatory power, with corrected item-total correlations above .30. Additional analysis confirmed measurement invariance across genders. Conclusions The scale is an instrument that produces valid and reliable measures and that can be used to determine health professionals’ infodemic management capacity. Key messages • Assessing the infodemic management capacity of the health professionals is a need. • The scale provides valid and reliable measures, making it a valuable tool for assessing health professionals’ infodemic management capacity.

The current study tested the one-dimensionality of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Suicidal Ideation (CES-D-SI) and its reliability among high school students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A total of 1,462 tenth and eleventh-grade students from public and private schools completed the CES-D-SI. The students were between 13 and 17 years (M = 16.0, SD = 0.8), 60.3% were female, and 55.3% were in the tenth grade. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and the chi-square, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) statistics were calculated. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The results of the CFA were as follows: chi-square = 26.51, df =2, p = .001; RMSEA = .092; 90% confidence interval = .063-.124; CFI = .983; TLI = .950; and SRMR = .019. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .75, and McDonald's omega coefficient was .77. As conclusions, the scale exhibited a unidimensional structure similar to that in other studies and presented good reliability values. Hence, its use is recommended to screen suicidal ideation in school-aged adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia.

Introduction: Suicidal ideation is an understudied issue during the gestational period, requiring valid and reliable instruments for timely measurement and to provide support in perinatal mental health. However, there are limited scales available to assess suicidal ideation in pregnant women in Colombia.Objective: To explore the dimensionality and internal consistency of the Roberts’ scale for suicidal ideation in pregnant women from Santa Marta, Colombia.Methods: 172 pregnant women between 18 and 44 years of age (M=24.7; SD=5.49) completed the Roberts suicidal ideation scale. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out to determine dimensionality and Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were calculated to establish internal consistency.Results: In the CFA the Roberts’ scale indicated a unidimensional internal structure explaining 50.5% of the variance and with adequate goodness-of-fit indicators (X2=5.85, gl=2, p&lt;0.054; RMSEA=0.104 (CI90%=0.000-0.210); SRMR=0.025; CFI=0.981; TLI=0.944). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.781 and McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.801, showing acceptable internal consistency.Conclusions: Roberts’ scale is a brief, reliable measure with strong validity evidence for assessing suicidal ideation in pregnant women. Further instrumental studies with a larger sample size are recommended to corroborate the psychometric performance of the instrument in the Colombian population.

This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Electroconvulsive Therapy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (ERAQ). This methodological study was conducted among patients undergoing or with a history of Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) in Mashhad, Iran, during 2024-2025. Data were collected using a demographic profile form and the ERAQ. The questionnaire was translated into Farsi using the forward-backward translation method, and its face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (n = 150) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 150) were performed. Convergent validity was examined using Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted values, while discriminant validity was assessed through the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio. Reliability was determined by estimating internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. During exploratory factor analysis, item 9 was removed because its factor loading was less than 0.30, and the remaining 16 items were distributed across three factors: life disruption, socio-physical disruption, and memory disruption, which collectively explained 45% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit for the proposed model. All composite reliability, maximum reliability, and heterotrait-monotrait ratios supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the ERAQ. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients confirmed the acceptable internal consistency of the Farsi version of the ERAQ. Based on the findings of this study, the Farsi version of the ERAQ demonstrates sufficient validity and reliability to assess anxiety symptoms associated with ECT in the Iranian population.

Antecedentes. El Índice de Bienestar (WHO-5) es un instrumento para medir bienestar general o síntomas depresivos en diferentes contextos y poblaciones. No obstante, el desempeño psicométrico de los instrumentos necesita revisión periódica. Objetivo. Revisar algunos indicadores del desempeño psicométrico del WHO-5, dimensionalidad y consistencia interna, en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio metodológico en el que participaron 1.462 estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado de colegios oficiales y privados, quienes diligenciaron el WHO-5. Se incluyeron estudiantes entre 13 y 17 años (M=16,0; DE=0,8), 60,3% de sexo femenino, y 55,3% de décimo grado. Se calculó la consistencia interna mediante los coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald y se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para corroborar la dimensionalidad. La consistencia interna mostró valores alfa de y omega de McDonald de 0,82. En el AFC se corroboró la estructura unidimensional del WHO-5 al observarse indicadores de bondad de ajuste dentro de los parámetros esperados (chi cuadrado=34,41; gl=5; p=0,001; RMSEA=0,063 (IC90% 0,044-0,084); CFI=0,988; TLI=0,975 y SRMR=0,018). El WHO-5 muestra alta consistencia interna y estructura unidimensional para la exploración de bienestar general en adolescentes escolarizados. Se necesita corroborar estos hallazgos en poblaciones con otras características demográficas.

Life satisfaction in individuals with premenstrual syndrome: Scale development and evaluation of psychometric properties.

BackgroundMastectomy as a surgical treatment in women with breast cancer causes a change in their body image due to the loss of femininity and body integrity, decreased sense of sexual attractiveness, and dissatisfaction with the presence of surgical scars. The present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the body image scale for breast cancer survivors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 204 women with a mastectomy referred to Kermanshah's surgery and oncology office in 2021. Face and content validity were evaluated qualitatively. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (with maximum likelihood and Promax rotation) and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were used to verify internal consistency.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 46.57 (SD = 9.47). One factor was extracted that explained 46.56% of the total variance of body image. The factor load of the items varied between 0.561 and 0.801. The results of CFA also showed that the final model has a perfect fit: CMIN = 20.931; DF = 13; CMIN/FD = 1.610; p = 0.074; GFI = 0.972; AGFI = 0.939; IFI = 0.985; CFI = 0.985; TLI = 0.975; PNFI = 0.595; PCFI = 0.610; RMSEA = 0.055. internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients was 0.856 and 0.861, respectively.ConclusionThe Farsi version of the body image scale for breast cancer survivors has good construct validity and may be used in various studies in clinical and research settings.

Self-esteem refers to an individual's overall sense of self-worth, which plays a crucial role in their well-being. One of the most commonly used instruments to measure this concept is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), which has been translated and psychometrically validated in numerous cultures and languages to date. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the RSES in the Iranian adult population. This cross-sectional validation study was conducted following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines in Shahroud city, northeastern Iran. A total of 533 adults from this city who spoke Persian and were literate were included in the study using convenience sampling. After translating and culturally adapting the RSES in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, face and content validity were assessed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Additionally, construct validity was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was also determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega coefficient, composite reliability (CR), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The face and content validity of all items were confirmed through both qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis using polychoric correlations and robust weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimation, the Persian version of this scale consists of two factors: (1) Positive self-esteem and (2) Negative self-esteem, which account for 59.1% of the total variance of the scale. All goodness-of-fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis also supported this model (CMIN/df = 2.29, RMSEA = .049, CFI = .981). These two factors showed acceptable internal consistency and stability, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha coefficients (.828 and .801), McDonald's omega coefficients (.833 and .810), composite reliabilities (.820 and .796), and intraclass correlation coefficients (.838 and .875). The findings of the current study showed favorable psychometric properties of the Persian version of the RSES for measuring self-esteem in the Iranian adult population.

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. This cross-sectional research aimed to determine anxiety literacy (A-Lit) psychometric properties among the Iranian population in 2022. This research was conducted on 690 people in Iran in 2022. In this study, people were selected by proportional stratified sampling, and the validity and reliability of the A-Lit designed by Griffiths were assessed. Validity of A-Lit was assessed by face validity, content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of A-Lit was evaluated by the McDonald's omega coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test- retest. In analytical sections, the tests of One-way ANOVA, Chi-squared test, and independent samples t-test were used. The rates of S-CVI/Ave and CVR for A-Lit were 0.922 and 0.774, respectively. In confirmatory factor analysis, three items were deleted because the factor loading was less than 0.4, and goodness-of-fit indexes (Some of goodness-of-fit indexes: χ2/df = 4.175, GFI: 0.909, RMSEA = 0.068, PCFI = 0.745, AGFI = 0.883) were confirmed as the final model with 19 items. For all items, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.832, the McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.835, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.874. According to the results of this study, 1.3% (n = 9) did not answer any questions correctly and 8.4% (n = 58) were able to answer 1-6 questions correctly. Approximately 72% (n = 495) were able to answer 7-12 questions, and eventually only 18.6% (n = 128) were able to answer 13 questions and more. There was a significant relationship between sex, age group, occupation status, marital status, and get information related to mental illness with A-Lit level (p < 0.05). The Persian version of A-Lit was confirmed with 19 items, and this scale is a reliable tool for measuring A-Lit in the general population. The results also showed that a few people have a higher level of anxiety literacy and that educational and intervention programs need to be designed and implemented for the public population.

BackgroundReasonable instruction and promotion of appropriate exercise are crucial to improving the exercise status of pregnant women and safeguarding the health of both mother and fetus. However, there is a lack of validated Pregnancy Exercise Attitude Scales with a complete evaluation system in China. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Pregnancy Exercise Attitude Scale (C-PEAS) in Chinese to give medical professionals a reference for carrying out pregnancy care services and promoting the health of the mother and fetus.MethodsIn this study, the scale was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted using the Brislin translation model to form the C-PEAS. 528 pregnant women were conveniently selected for the questionnaire survey to evaluate the scale's reliability. The scale's content validity was assessed by the content validity index, while its structural validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega coefficient, split-half reliability, and retest reliability were used to evaluate the scale's internal consistency.ResultsThe C-PEAS contains two dimensions with 37 entries. The EFA supports a two-factor structure with a cumulative variance contribution of 62.927%. The CFA model was well fitted (χ2/df = 1.597, RMSEA = 0.048, IFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.952, and CFI = 0.955). The C- PEAS' Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.973, and the range of Cronbach's alpha values for the dimensions was 0.976, 0.944. McDonald's omega coefficient was 0.971, the half-point reliability of the scale was 0.856, and the retest reliability was 0.966.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of C-PEAS has good psychometric properties. It can be used as an effective measurement tool to evaluate the attitude of pregnant women to exercise during pregnancy.

This study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Public Stigma of Stroke Scale (PSSS). The stigma perceived by patients who have had stroke affects the quality of life as well as many health-related factors. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the society's stigmatization of the stroke patient and to reveal the differences related to stroke in different cultures. This study is methodological research. This study was conducted with 410 individuals aged 18 and over. The data were collected by using descriptive information form and PSSS. The data were evaluated by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega reliability, composite reliability, mean variance extracted and test-retest analysis. Factor load values of the scale items were found to vary between 0.585 and 0.904. The fit index values in the scale were found as X2/df = 2.42, < 0.001, CFI = 0.934, TLI = 0.928, SRMR = 0.042 and RMSEA = 0.059. It was found that Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors of the scale ranged between 0.916 and 0.946, and the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.897. Total McDonald's omega coefficient was found to be 0.897, and McDonald's omega coefficients of the factors were found to be between 0.921 and 0.951. Total composite reliability was found to be 0.981, and total mean variance extracted was found to be 0.740. It was found that the Turkish version of the 33-item and four-factor scales was confirmed without any changes in the original scale form. Turkish version of PSSS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the evaluation of the stigmatization of stroke patients by the public and for use in clinical practice.

Identifying the training needs of critical care nurses is crucial for enhancing their performance and optimizing patient outcomes. This process requires a comprehensive understanding of their specific knowledge gaps and skill deficiencies. Therefore, a reliable and validated tool is necessary to assess these needs effectively. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Training Needs of Critical Care Nurses Scale (TNCCNS) in Iran. This cross-sectional methodological study evaluated the Persian version of the TNCCNS using a convenience sample of 676 intensive care unit nurses from hospitals in Kermanshah, Hamadan, and Tabriz. The study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by an assessment of the psychometric properties of the Persian version. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the construct validity of the instrument. Additionally, internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, while test-retest reliability was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 27) and LISREL (version 8). Statistical significance for all analyses was set at p < 0.05. The results of the EFA and CFA confirmed the thirteen-factor structure with 66 items, explaining 62.337% of the total variance. CFA indicated a good model fit (RMSEA = 0.056, CFI = 0.92, NNFI / TLI = 0.94, GFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.046, χ²/df = 2.25). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between each subscale score and the overall scale score. The scale demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.912, McDonald's omega = 0.902) and strong stability (ICC = 0.912, 95% CI: 0.900-0.924). The Persian TNCCNS has demonstrated robust validity and reliability, establishing itself as a valuable tool for assessing the training needs of ICU nurses in Iran. Its validation carries significant implications for both research and practice, offering a robust framework for evaluating the educational requirements of Iranian critical care nurses and the effectiveness of existing training programs. Furthermore, these findings provide essential guidance for educational administrators and policymakers in designing targeted interventions that enhance nursing competencies and improve patient care outcomes in ICU settings. Not applicable.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dating Violence Questionnaire for Victimization and Perpetration (DVQ-VP) in a sample of the Ecuadorian population. The study included 819 participants (47% men and 53% women), consisting of Ecuadorian adolescents and university students. An instrumental design was employed for the linguistic adaptation, reliability, and convergent (AVE), discriminant (HTMT), and structural (CFI, TLI, and RMSEA) validation of the DVQ-VP. The construct validity and internal consistency of the instrument were assessed. Construct validity was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while internal consistency was evaluated using ordinal Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Additionally, a network analysis was conducted with the DVQ-VP items. The CFA results indicated that the DVQ-VP has a factorial structure consistent with the original theoretical model, with adequate fit indices (CFI > 990, TLI > 990, and RMSEA < 0.08 in both models of the DVQ-VP). The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega values for the victimization and perpetration subscales were above .70, indicating good internal consistency. Additionally, the instrument proved to be sensitive in identifying different forms of dating violence. The findings support that the DVQ-VP demonstrated adequate levels of validity and reliability for assessing dating violence in a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents and university students. These results suggest that, within this specific context and population, the instrument can be a useful tool for identifying patterns of victimization and perpetration in dating relationships. Its application may contribute to early detection and the development of targeted interventions to reduce intimate partner violence among young people.

Climate Change Perceptions Scale for Health and Related Professionals and Students (CCPS-HARPS) - development, reliability and validity.