Abstract
Water-based lubricants (WBLs) have been at the forefront of recent research, due to the abundant availability of water at a low cost. However, in metallic tribo-systems, WBLs often exhibit poor performance compared to petroleum-based lubricants. Research and development indicate that nano-additives improve the lubrication performance of water. Some of these additives could be categorized as solid nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and bio-based oils. These additives improve the tribological properties and help to reduce friction, wear, and corrosion. This review explored different water-based lubricant additives and summarized their properties and performances. Viscosity, density, wettability, and solubility are discussed to determine the viability of using water-based nano-lubricants compared to petroleum-based lubricants for reducing friction and wear in machining. Water-based liquid lubricants also have environmental benefits over petroleum-based lubricants. Further research is needed to understand and optimize water-based lubrication for tribological systems completely.
Highlights
Lubricants 2021, 9, 73. https://The reduction of friction and wear is a significant challenge for researchers in tribology.In order to minimize friction and wear, a wide variety of lubricants have been developed; including solid [1], gaseous, and liquid lubricants [2]
Their approach was to graft water-soluble polymer chains from the surface of MWCNTs. This process was followed by the surface-initiated radical graft polymerization of acrylamide using a redox system consisting of ceric ion and reducing groups on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as initiators [88,89]
Pei et al [88] ventured to develop a new method of creating watersoluble CNTs
Summary
The reduction of friction and wear is a significant challenge for researchers in tribology. Room temperature ionic liquids and bio-derived oils were added to water by researchers to develop WBLs [10]. By using such additives with water, tribological performances were improved. Studies have shown that some WBLs improved the tribological performance compared to petroleum-based lubricants, which resulted in a decrease in the amount of power necessary to run a machine [13]. This is a downside for applications that experience high friction causing high temperatures, damaging the contact pair To minimize such problems, water-miscible ionic liquids have played a significant role, as shown in research. The possible challenges of WBLs and their future advancements have been projected and elaborated
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