Abstract
We used 8.4 GHz VLBI images obtained at up to 35 epochs between 1997 and 2005 to examine the radio structures of the main reference source, 3C 454.3, and two secondary reference sources, B2250+194 and B2252+172, for the guide star for the NASA/Stanford relativity mission Gravity Probe B (GP-B). For one epoch in 2004 May, we also obtained images at 5.0 and 15.4 GHz. The 35 8.4 GHz images for quasar 3C 454.3 confirm a complex, evolving, core-jet structure. We identified at each epoch a component, C1, near the easternmost edge of the core region. Simulations of the core region showed that C1 is located, on average, 0.18 +- 0.06 mas west of the unresolved "core" identified in 43 GHz images. We also identified in 3C 454.3 at 8.4 GHz several additional components which moved away from C1 with proper motions ranging in magnitude between 0.9c and 5c. The detailed motions of the components exhibit two distinct bends in the jet axis located ~3 and ~5.5 mas west of C1. The spectra between 5.0 and 15.4 GHz for the "moving" components are steeper than that for C1. The 8.4 GHz images of B2250+194 and B2252+172, in contrast to those of 3C 454.3, reveal compact structures. The spectrum between 5.0 and 15.4 GHz for B2250+194 is inverted while that for B2252+172 is flat. Based on its position near the easternmost edge of the 8.4 GHz radio structure, close spatial association with the 43 GHz core, and relatively flat spectrum, we believe 3C 454.3 component C1 to be the best choice for the ultimate reference point for the GP-B guide star. The compact structures and inverted to flat spectra of B2250+194 and B2252+172 make these objects valuable secondary reference sources
Highlights
Gravity Probe B (GP-B) is the spaceborne relativity experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to test two predictions of general relativity (GR)
This space may be closely linked to the extragalactic International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF), which is based on radio very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurements (Ma et al 1998; Fey et al 2004)
VLBI Images at 8.4 GHz In Figure 2 we present the 8.4 GHz images of 3C 454.3 generated from each of the 35 sessions of VLBI observations made between 1997 January and 2005 July
Summary
Gravity Probe B (GP-B) is the spaceborne relativity experiment developed by NASA and Stanford University to test two predictions of general relativity (GR). The stationarity of a spatially related component at 8.4 GHz has recently been determined relative to an updated celestial reference frame (CRF), defined by ∼4000 compact extragalactic radio sources (see Paper III; Bartel et al 2012).
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