Viva La Ferrata! A Via Ferrata scoping review and research agenda

The paper compares the current state of sports development and management in rural Ukraine with other countries in Europe. By conducting the comparison, it aims to find the bottlenecks that can be improved in order to enhance the state of sports management in Ukraine. Rural Ukraine is deprived of laws and opportunities that allow for the development of sports facilities. This research takes an in-depth look into the opportunities that Europe's other countries have yet Ukraine doesn't. The purpose of this research is to analyze what can be improved upon and how Ukraine's rural areas bring change into their current sports condition. The paper used a secondary methodology, which involved analysis of literature from past researches into developing a comparative assessment of how other countries are achieving sports development and how Ukraine can manage it as well. The results showcase that Ukraine still requires a lot of work, effort, time and money to be invested for sports management to prosper. Various limitations were imposed on the research such as lack of time and resources, which limited the comparison to within Europe only. The social implications of such research are that the youth of any underdeveloped country can use the research to bring real change in how sports management is developed and maintained in their countries.

The process of urbanization is the most important human activity since the twentieth century. Due to the unique environmental problems brought about by urbanization, urban heat islands not only affect regional economic development and regional climate but also bring comfort to urban residents and energy consumption. The negative impact is obvious, so the study of urban heat island effect is very important to monitor regional and even global climate change and guide urban development plans. First of all, this paper takes the coastal megacities along the Belt and Road as the research object, based on MODIS surface temperature products and Landsat land use classification data, and uses urban heat island intensity as an indicator to analyze the heat islands of 10 megacities from an interannual and seasonal perspective from 2004 to 2020. The effect of the spatio-temporal pattern changes; then, taking a city as an example, based on Landsat land use classification data, RS and GIS technology is used to analyze the land use cover change and urban expansion of a city in the past 30 years; finally, according to Landsat surface temperature data and land using classified data, the impact of land use and cover characteristics on urban heat islands in a city was investigated. Outdoor sports organizations and operators in SD coastal cities found that the outdoor sports organizations and operators in SD coastal cities did not make full use of the geographical environment, economic development, and cultural environment of coastal cities and fully analyzed the comprehensive and systematic problems in the organization and management of outdoor sports, so that outdoor sports organizations and operators in SD coastal cities can give full play to their advantages. Through this research, we will promote a more comprehensive understanding of the healthy and sustainable development of outdoor sports and promote the organization and development of outdoor sports. Management research provides a theoretical basis.

The process of urbanization is the most important human activity since the twentieth century. Due to the unique environmental problems brought about by urbanization, urban heat islands not only affect regional economic development and regional climate but also bring comfort to urban residents and energy consumption. The negative impact is obvious, so the study of urban heat island effect is very important to monitor regional and even global climate change and guide urban development plans. First of all, this paper takes the coastal megacities along the Belt and Road as the research object, based on MODIS surface temperature products and Landsat land use classification data, and uses urban heat island intensity as an indicator to analyze the heat islands of 10 megacities from an interannual and seasonal perspective from 2004 to 2020. The effect of the spatio-temporal pattern changes; then, taking a city as an example, based on Landsat land use classification data, RS and GIS technology is used to analyze the land use cover change and urban expansion of a city in the past 30 years; finally, according to Landsat surface temperature data and land using classified data, the impact of land use and cover characteristics on urban heat islands in a city was investigated. Outdoor sports organizations and operators in SD coastal cities found that the outdoor sports organizations and operators in SD coastal cities did not make full use of the geographical environment, economic development, and cultural environment of coastal cities and fully analyzed the comprehensive and systematic problems in the organization and management of outdoor sports, so that outdoor sports organizations and operators in SD coastal cities can give full play to their advantages. Through this research, we will promote a more comprehensive understanding of the healthy and sustainable development of outdoor sports and promote the organization and development of outdoor sports. Management research provides a theoretical basis.

The Baseball Players' Labor Market

The relevance of the research in sports management is due to insufficient theoretical development of a particular topic related to praxeological significance growth in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vectors identification of change in sports development, including the development of grassroots and Olympic sports. The article examines the conditions of sports management formation in the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly actualize sports development, self-realization in sports, educational policy formation aimed at sports development and sports achievements at all levels, sports management concept in the modern world and Ukraine. According to the analysis, sports resuscitation and sports achievements, the use of its potential directly depend upon management level of sport processes. The purpose of the research: the concept formation of sports management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic challenges. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: 1) to analyze sports management as a priority area of ​​state activity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic challenges; 2) to clarify the subject, object and principles of sports management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic challenges; 3) to form an innovative sports management concept in Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic challenges. To achieve this goal, the theoretical and methodological principles of sports development in the context of modern sports paradigm in Ukraine in the conditions of COVID-19. At the heart of sports management is the urgent problems solution of sports society, which is due to the need study the axiological, ontological, anthropological, metaphysical sports development principles, improving the sports development of an individual. Sports management formation concept in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic includes an analysis of the problems associated with the deterioration of public health.

Since the mid and late 19th century, people have paid more and more attention to the ecological environment, and environmental awareness and behaviour have been gradually strengthened. The global environmental protection movement is rising daily, and environmental protection will become the focus of human attention in the 21st century. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the system and mechanism of land and space development, resource conservation and utilisation, and ecological preservation of the environment in the system of ecological civilisation, and promote the formation of a new pattern of harmonious development between man and nature and modernisation. Although China has formulated policies and regulations on environmental protection in outdoor sports development, environmental protection is grim due to problems such as insufficient government supervision, weak public awareness of environmental protection, and relatively backward environmental protection concepts and management methods. During the visit, outdoor sports lovers and club leaders were interviewed. In this context, with the continuous development of outdoor mountain sports driven by the improvement of people’s pursuit of life, there began to be contradictions between outdoor mountain sports and the ecological preservation of the environment, which also became the cause of the author’s concern and research.

Sports and recreation activities are always exposed to various safety issues before, during and after activities. Positive practices could avoid the occurrence of accidents that caused injuries to the participants. Risk management practices are the most important element in the organization or management of sports and recreation activities. This element is significant in increasing the wellbeing of a society where a safe and healthy population can be developed. Each activity that was about to be organized and the facilities provided must be free and safe from incidents that could cause injuries either direct or indirectly. The development in sports and recreation activities need the involvement of knowledgeable, skilled and qualified personnel in order to offer various products and services to the society. The products and services offered could develop a competitive and precise economy to the nation. Sports and recreation activities as well as others could offer new business prospects, services and latest products. The objective of this article was to look into and explain how risk management practices through sports and recreation activities could help assure and secure the quality and wellbeing of a society.

Lightning is typically considered the most dangerous weather hazard for those who engage in outdoor sport and recreational activities. It is estimated that lightning strikes somewhere in the world about 100 times every second and kills approximately 1,000 people a year worldwide (Long, 1999). The risk associated with lightning is both a safety concern and a liability concern for sport and recreation managers. Management is often faced with difficult decisions regarding the implementation of lightning safety policies and procedures. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of implementing lightning safety policies and procedures through an analysis and discussion of legal concerns relevant to lightning safety, emerging technology for predicting and monitoring lightning, current recommendations and guidelines for lightning safety policies and procedures, and lightning-related research. Professional associations that have published and/or adopted specific management directed lightning safety policies and procedures are (1) the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA), (2) the American Meteorological Society (AMS), (3) the National Federation of State High Schools' Association (NFSHSA), (4) the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and (5) the United States Golf Association (USGA). Recommendations from these groups are summarized and implications for lightning safety education are provided.

Managing sport-for-development: Reflections and outlook

In the given scientific inquiry, the problem of utilizing artificial intelligence tools for optimizing and automating management processes in professional and Olympic sports management is examined. Considering the realities, managers of sports clubs, public organizations, and professional sports associations often juggle coaching and managerial duties, leading to compromised task execution due to time constraints and excessive paperwork. It has been identified that managerial work demands continuous education and enhancement of personnel management skills, encompassing not only quality control of duties performed by sports association or club members, but also personnel selection, adaptation, training, initiation, and implementation of cutting-edge technologies and work methods. A significant portion of these tasks can be delegated to artificial intelligence processing, which, when properly utilized, can alleviate managers from 60% of paper and routine work, resulting in even more precise and thorough automation. Consequently, managers would have more time to focus on managerial tasks requiring indispensable human qualities, experiential wisdom, and interpersonal communication. This approach is particularly pertinent to sports management, as sports managers are the professionals who amalgamate professional work skills with athletes, coaches, parents, governmental representatives, and investors. The invaluable experience and expertise of sports managers significantly influence the development and deepening of Ukrainian and global sports. By characterizing methods of utilizing artificial intelligence tools in professional and Olympic sports management processes, strategies for optimization in sports management were examined to analyze and identify ways to enhance working conditions for sports managers, especially in professional and Olympic sports. The objective is to create conditions for the development of domestic and international sports, optimizing the performance of coaches and personnel in sports associations and public organizations.

The two centuries long course and development of modern sport has faced a number of challenges and changes, casing significant changes in sports management globally. Changes in the sports industry are affecting athletes, team owners, fans and society as a whole. In developed market economies, an increasing number of people are professionally involved in the field of sports, not only as athletes, but also in management of various processes, activities, events, human resources and finished products related to sports. The development of technology also has a constant impact on the development of sports in training technology, from the use of modern information technologies in the process of training, competition, to monitoring sports events, communication with fans, etc. The challenges of modern sports management are numerous and require relevant skills for the wide range of jobs it encompasses. The need for systematic management of all elements of sport emphasizes the importance of sports management that is oriented towards long-term success and well-being, both for the sports industry and for athletes and sports organizations.

Rationale/purpose: Although there have been studies on the impact of families and sport for development (SFD) in regard to youth participants, less is known about parent experiences of SFD. The purpose of this study is to explore parent experiences of SFD and how SFD affects family life outside of the program setting. Research methods: In this study, an interpretive qualitative approach was adopted to explore parent experiences of SFD. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were utilized for the purposes of generating grounded knowledge in a practical research setting. Findings: Data analysis revealed three themes of SFD and parents: (1) social benefits directly related to parent’s day-to-day lives; (2) the (usually) safe and family-oriented space of SFD; and (3) parent expectations of SFD as well as opportunities for family bonding outside the SFD space. Practical implications: The implications of this study call attention to the ways sport managers, SFD scholars and practitioners may seek to further involve parents and families in SFD initiatives. Research contributions: This research builds and extends on SFD research that examines parent perspectives by highlighting the ways SFD affects parents in ways that may not be immediately noticeable when examining programs.

Sport participation, consumption, and management are internationally focused, and the popularity of sport on an international scale shows no signs of slowing down. In fact, there is evidence that the internationalization of sport is rapidly increasing. Most North American institutions of higher learning are similarly focused and have internationalization as a high strategic priority. One could argue that sport management academic programs have not kept pace with these developments that have influenced our field and environment. While progress has been made, there is more to be done. The author chronicles the developments in the internationalization of both sport and higher education and offers eight suggestions to help sport management academicians effectively and efficiently internationalize their programs. Implementing some or all of these suggestions may better prepare graduates in their future endeavors and more effectively align sport management programs with the goals of their respective institution. Internationalization of the discipline would hold useful and practical applications for sport management students and programs.

The paper has researched the ethical issues in the development of outdoor sports in China by the method of literature and the empirical analysis method. The results of the study show that our outdoor sports have three aspects of ethical issues, being involved with individual participants, group participants and the organizers. The author has further analyzed the reason of the formation of these ethical issues in our outdoor activities, revealed deep ethical root and moral logic, and thus put forward ethical countermeasures to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of our outdoor sports in order to promote the formation of ethical behaviors for the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. In troduction Around the 1980s, outdoor sport was introduced to China from the developed European countries and the United States. Since then, with the continuous improvement of our national economic level and the acceleration of the process of modernization, outdoor sports entered into a rapid development period. The outdoor sports have entered into our country for only a short time, and organizers and participants have uncertain issues on concept, physical fitness, techniques, management and operation and other aspects, so that there appear some ethical issues that are not conducive to the healthy development of outdoor sports in China. In order to maintain the healthy, harmonious and sustainable development of our outdoor sports, we should strength the ethical and moral constraints and regulate participants' behavior in participating in outdoor activities. It is imperative to carry out the ethical research on the development course of our outdoor sports in order to promote the physical and mental health of the masses, animate mass cultural and sports life and establish a scientific, healthy and civilized social

Book synopsis: ‘Contemporary Issues in Sport Management presents an extensive array of absorbing contemporary issues relevant to managing sport. Internationally recognised scholars have contributed thought-provoking chapters on current global and local issues that are challenging traditional ways of thinking about and delivering sport. This exciting new book is rich in theory and stimulates readers to really think through the associated implications for sport management practice.’ -Tracy Taylor, Professor and Deputy Dean, University of Technology Sydney Business School Contemporary Issues in Sports Management offers a rich and dynamic introduction to the management of sport. An essential companion for all students embarking on a sports management course or module, it draws on research expertise from around the world and integrates these perspectives into engaging and accessible chapters. This book offers: Contemporary and international case studies followed by ‘Tools for analysis’ so students can put the methodology into practice. A range of pedagogical features including learning objectives, learning outcomes and short ‘Thinking points’ Useful websites and further reading at the end of each chapter A discussion of up-to-date issues including corruption in sport, sport policy, doping, athlete transgressions and much more. This book will lead students on a comprehensive exploration of global, national issues, and organizational issues in sport management. The authors encourage critical thought, investigation and the questioning of current practice in order to improve the leadership and management of sport in today’s society. Ideal for Undergraduate students of sport management, sport business, sport policy, sport marketing and sport development.