Abstract
BackgroundThe biological pathways through which vitamin D is involved in the regulation of systemic inflammation remain largely unknown.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D status on the relationship between lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in pregnant women.DesignSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), hs-CRP, and indicators of lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglyceride, TG; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C), were measured in 2479 pregnant women during the second trimester. Potential confounding including maternal sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal health status, diet, and lifestyle was prospectively collected. Multiple regression models and cubic models were used to evaluate the associations.ResultsThere was a significant non-linear relationship between lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and hs-CRP (P < 0.05). Increased serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with decreasing TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and hs-CRP levels. Compared with medium levels of lipids group, pregnant women with higher levels of TC or TG have higher levels of hs-CRP, and pregnant women with lower levels of TC, HDL-C or LDL-C also have higher levels of hs-CRP in the vitamin D deficient group, and there was a significant correlation between low levels of TG and decreased hs-CRP (adjusted β for TG: -0.063, 95%CI: − 0.120,-0.007) in the non-vitamin D deficient group. Mediators that had appreciable shares of the associations between 25(OH)D and hs-CRP was TG (10.2% of the association; β = − 0.011; total indirect effect: 95% CI: − 0.019, − 0.002). The cubic model suggested that a steep increase in the adjusted regression coefficient of lipid with hs-CRP up to 50 nmol/L of 25(OH)D, and the highest adjusted regression coefficients were observed in pregnant women with 25(OH)D above 50 nmol/L.ConclusionOur findings suggest that high levels of vitamin D during pregnancy may improve lipid profile levels and inhibit elevated hs-CRP induced by high lipid metabolism.
Highlights
Increasing evidence suggests that dyslipidemia is often associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers and is closely relationship with metabolic disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3], this metabolically triggered inflammation is called metabolic inflammation [4]
Increased serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with decreasing Total cholesterol (TC), TG, High-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels
Compared with medium levels of lipids group, pregnant women with higher levels of TC or TG have higher levels of hs-CRP, and pregnant women with lower levels of TC, HDL-C or LDL-C have higher levels of hs-CRP in the vitamin D deficient group, and there was a significant correlation between low levels of TG and decreased hsCRP in the non-vitamin D deficient group
Summary
Increasing evidence suggests that dyslipidemia is often associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-β, interleukin 6 and hs-CRP) and is closely relationship with metabolic disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3], this metabolically triggered inflammation is called metabolic inflammation [4]. Biological pathways through which vitamin D participates in the regulation of systemic inflammation remain largely unknown. Some studies on the associations among vitamin D, lipid profile and systemic inflammatory response are mostly from the general population. It is not clear whether the conclusion of the general population was applicable to pregnant women. The role of pregnancy-related vitamin D on lipid profile and systemic inflammatory markers remains inconsistent during pregnancy from several small sample studies [12,13,14]. The biological pathways through which vitamin D is involved in the regulation of systemic inflammation remain largely unknown
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